Урок 9: There is / there are; квантификаторы · English

Как работать с этим уроком

Прочитай правило (5 минут)
Проговори вслух — каждое there is и there are. Сократи в речи: there's.
Опиши свою комнату вслух. Это лучший тренажёр для этой темы.

Сегодня ты научишься говорить «есть» и «нет» — описывать, что находится в комнате, доме, городе. И главное — сколько: «много», «мало», «немного», «никаких». Все эти слова в английском разделены по типу существительного (вспомни L8: исчисляемое / неисчисляемое).

Часть 1: there is и there are — главная идея

Когда мы хотим сказать «где-то существует / находится» — английский ставит формулу there is (для одного) или there are (для многих). Дословно: «там есть».

Сравни с русским:

Русский	Английский
В комнате (есть) стол.	There is a table in the room.
В комнате (есть) два стола.	There are two tables in the room.
В саду (есть) вода.	There is water in the garden.

В русском «есть» можно опустить — и часто это так и делают. В английском нельзя: формула обязательна.

Главное правило: there is — для одного исчисляемого предмета или для любого неисчисляемого. there are — для многих исчисляемых.

Что описываем	Формула
Один исчисляемый	There is a book on the table.
Много исчисляемых	There are books on the table.
Неисчисляемое (всегда!)	There is water in the glass.

Сокращения

В речи и в неформальном письме почти всегда используется:

there's = there is
there're = there are (произносится «зэйа», но реже сокращается в письме)

Ловушка: не путай there is с it is. It is a book — «это книга» (отождествление). There is a book — «есть книга, существует» (наличие).

Часть 2: Вопрос и отрицание с there is/are

В уроке 6 ты узнал, что вопросы обычно строятся через do/does. Но не здесь! С there is/are работает та же логика, что и с to be (L3) — глагол сам прыгает на первое место.

Вопрос

Is/Are there + (квантификатор) + существительное + ...?

Is there a book on the table? — На столе есть книга?
Are there any chairs in the room? — В комнате есть стулья?
Is there water in the bottle? — В бутылке есть вода?

Короткий ответ

Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

Отрицание

There is no / There are no + существительное — «нет / никаких» или There isn't / aren't any — то же самое, разговорнее

There is no time. = There isn't any time. — Нет времени.
There are no books on the table. = There aren't any books on the table. — Книг на столе нет.

Часть 3: Квантификаторы — слова количества

Это слова, отвечающие на «сколько?» — но разные для исчисляемых и неисчисляемых.

Универсальные таблицы

Сколько	С исчисляемым (мн.ч.)	С неисчисляемым
много	many apples / a lot of apples	much water / a lot of water
немного	a few apples	a little water
мало / почти нет	few apples (без a)	little water (без a)
какие-то / немного	some apples	some water
(какие-то?)	any apples (в вопр. и отриц.)	any water (в вопр. и отриц.)
никаких	no apples	no water

Главные ошибки русскоязычного

Ловушка №1: much — только с неисчисляемым (much water, much money). С исчисляемым — many (many apples, many people). НЕ much apples.

Ловушка №2: a few (с «a») = «немного, но достаточно» (положительный оттенок). few (без «a») = «мало, почти нет» (отрицательный оттенок). То же с a little vs little.

Ловушка №3: a lot of = «много» — работает с обоими типами. Это самый безопасный вариант. В сомнении — говори a lot of.

Часть 4: some vs any — главная пара

Это очень важная пара. Запомни простое правило:

	some	any
Утверждение	✓ I have some friends.	✗
Отрицание	✗	✓ I don't have any friends.
Вопрос	в просьбах/предложениях	в обычных вопросах

Примеры:

Утверждение (есть): There are some apples on the table.
Отрицание (нет): There aren't any apples on the table.
Обычный вопрос: Are there any apples?
Просьба / предложение: Would you like some tea? (предлагаешь — значит, хочешь, чтобы согласились → some)

Хак: в вопросе, где ты ждёшь «да» (предлагаешь, просишь), — some. В вопросе, где ты не знаешь ответа («есть ли?»), — any.

Часть 5: How much vs How many

Вспомни L6 — два «сколько»:

How much + неисчисляемое: How much water do you drink?
How many + исчисляемое (мн.ч.): How many books do you have?

Это прямое следствие того, что мы учили в L8. How much = «сколько массы». How many = «сколько штук».

Словарь урока

🔊 Выучи словаОткроет словарь урока во внешнем приложении: карточки со звуком, поиск, заметки.

a room
комната
a kitchen
кухня
a bedroom
спальня
a bathroom
ванная
a living room
гостиная
a hall
прихожая, холл
a garden
сад
a balcony
балкон
a floor
этаж, пол
a wall
стена
a ceiling
потолок
furniture (неисч.!)
мебель
a table
стол
a chair
стул
a sofa
диван
a bed
кровать
a desk
письменный стол
an armchair
кресло
a wardrobe
шкаф (для одежды)
a shelf (мн.: shelves)
полка
a lamp
лампа
a carpet
ковёр
a mirror
зеркало
a picture
картина
a curtain
штора
a fridge
холодильник
a TV
телевизор

Немецкий	Перевод
a room	комната
a kitchen	кухня
a bedroom	спальня
a bathroom	ванная
a living room	гостиная
a hall	прихожая, холл
a garden	сад
a balcony	балкон
a floor	этаж, пол
a wall	стена
a ceiling	потолок
furniture (неисч.!)	мебель
a table	стол
a chair	стул
a sofa	диван
a bed	кровать
a desk	письменный стол
an armchair	кресло
a wardrobe	шкаф (для одежды)
a shelf (мн.: shelves)	полка
a lamp	лампа
a carpet	ковёр
a mirror	зеркало
a picture	картина
a curtain	штора
a fridge	холодильник
a TV	телевизор

Полный словарь

557 записей

Прочитай задание, введи ответ по-английски и нажми «Проверить». Сначала идёт локальная проверка; в сложных случаях запрашиваем подсказку у Claude. Прогресс сохраняется автоматически.

🔊 УпражненияОткроет ответы упражнений во внешнем приложении — изучай со звуком и пословным разбором.

Упражнение 1. <say>there is</say> или <say>there are</say>?

1.___ a book on the table.

2.___ three windows in the room.

3.___ some milk in the fridge.

4.___ two beds in the bedroom.

5.___ a lot of water in the bottle.

6.___ many people in the park.

7.___ a lamp on the desk.

8.___ no time today.

Упражнение 2. <say>much</say> или <say>many</say>?

1.How ___ books do you have?

2.How ___ water do you drink?

3.There are ___ chairs in the room.

4.There is too ___ sugar in my coffee.

5.How ___ people live in your town?

6.I don't have ___ money.

7.There are ___ children in the park today.

8.We don't have ___ time.

Упражнение 3. <say>some</say> или <say>any</say>?

1.There are ___ apples on the table.

2.There aren't ___ oranges.

3.Is there ___ milk in the fridge?

4.Would you like ___ tea?

5.I don't have ___ money today.

6.We have ___ good friends here.

7.Are there ___ books on the shelf?

8.There is ___ bread, but no butter.

Упражнение 4. Сделай вопрос и отрицание

Упражнение 5. Переведи на английский

1.В комнате есть стол и два стула.

2.На столе есть лампа и книга.

3.На стене висят (есть) три картины.

4.В холодильнике немного молока.

5.В саду много цветов.

6.У меня нет времени.

7.Сколько комнат в твоей квартире?

8.Сколько воды ты пьёшь?

Упражнение 6. Опиши свою спальню

Напиши 5–7 предложений про свою спальню, используя there is / there are, some / any / no, many / much.

Свободное упражнение — без автопроверки. Проговори ответы вслух и иди дальше.

Нужно ещё практики? Claude составит новое упражнение из 10 заданий по словарю и теме урока.

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Тексты для аудирования

Три варианта на каждый урок. Открой в glottos.com для аудио с синхронизацией.

Текст A

Текст к уроку 9: There is / there are; квантификаторы

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

I live in a small but nice flat.
There are three rooms in my flat.
There is a kitchen, a bedroom and a living room.
There is also a small bathroom.
In the kitchen there is a table and four chairs.
There is a big fridge near the window.
There are some cups and plates on the shelf.
In the fridge there is milk, cheese and some eggs.
There isn't any meat in the fridge today.
There is a lot of fruit on the kitchen table.
In the living room there is a soft sofa.
There is also an armchair near the window.
There is a low table in front of the sofa.
On the wall there are two pictures.
There is a big TV in the corner.
There aren't many books in this room.
In the bedroom there is a big bed.
There is a wardrobe and a small desk.
On the desk there is a lamp and some papers.
There is a soft carpet on the floor.
There aren't any pictures on the bedroom walls.
But there is a big mirror near the door.
There are two windows in my flat.
There is a small balcony in the living room.
On the balcony there are a few flowers.
There is a lot of light in my flat.
There are no problems with my neighbours.
There is a quiet park near my house.
There are many trees in this park.
I love my home very much.

Текст B

Текст к уроку 9: There is / there are; квантификаторы

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

I want to make a salad for dinner.
Let me see what is in the kitchen.
There is a fridge near the window.
I open it and look inside.
There is some milk and a bottle of water.
There are five eggs in a small box.
There is a piece of cheese on the top shelf.
There aren't any tomatoes in the fridge.
There aren't any vegetables at all!
Oh no, I need vegetables for the salad.
Let me look in the cupboard.
There is some rice and some sugar.
There is a packet of salt and a small bottle of oil.
But there aren't any vegetables there either.
How much bread do I have? Just a little.
There is only one slice of bread on the plate.
I need to go to the shop.
In the shop there is a lot of fresh fruit.
There are many tomatoes, carrots and onions.
I take three tomatoes and two carrots.
There is also some cheese in the shop.
But I have cheese at home, so I don't buy any.
Are there any apples in the shop?
Yes, there are a lot of red apples.
I take four apples for dessert.
Now my bag is full.
There is some bread, some fruit and many vegetables.
Back at home, I make a big salad.
There is enough food for the whole family.
Everyone is happy!

Текст C

Текст к уроку 9: There is / there are; квантификаторы

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

My friend visits my town for the first time.
I show him around the centre.
There are many old buildings in our town.
There is a big church on the main square.
Near the church there is a small museum.
There are some interesting things in this museum.
Is there a park near here, my friend asks.
Yes, there is a beautiful park behind the museum.
In the park there are tall trees and green grass.
There is a small lake too.
There are a few birds on the lake.
There aren't any cars in the park, only people.
There are many children playing here on Sunday.
We walk to the centre.
There are a lot of shops in the main street.
There are some cafes and restaurants too.
Is there a good restaurant for dinner, he asks.
Yes, there is a nice Italian place near the station.
Are there any cinemas in your town?
Yes, there is a modern cinema in the new centre.
How many hospitals are there in your town?
There are two hospitals, one big and one small.
There aren't many tourists in our town today.
But on the weekend there are a lot of visitors.
There is enough to see for two or three days.
We sit in a cafe and drink some coffee.
There is a little sugar in my coffee, a lot of milk in his.
There aren't any free tables outside, so we sit inside.
There is good music in this cafe.
There is much beauty in a quiet day with a friend.

Аудио воспроизводится в glottos.com — открывается в новой вкладке.

Тренировка рта

Главный принцип: 95% — это тренировка рта. Читай каждую строку вслух. Не просто смотри — говори.

Языковые гаммы

🔊 Аудио-практика

Гамма 1 — there is / there are

There is a book on the table
There is a chair near the table
There is a lamp on the desk
There are two windows in the room
There are some pictures on the wall
There are many books on the shelf

Гамма 2 — Вопросы и отрицания

Is there a sofa in the living room? – Yes, there is.
Is there a fridge in the kitchen? – Yes, there is.
Are there any chairs in the bedroom? – No, there aren't.
Are there any pictures on the wall? – Yes, there are some.
Is there any water in the bottle? – No, there isn't.
Are there many people in the park? – Yes, there are a lot of people.

Гамма 3 — Квантификаторы

There are many books on the shelf.
There is much water in the bottle. (формально; разг.: a lot of)
There are a few chairs in the kitchen.
There is a little milk in the fridge.
There are some apples on the table.
There aren't any oranges on the table.
There is no time.

Прогоняй каждую гамму 3 раза.

Языковая матрица

🔊 Аудио-практика

Матрица 1 — Опиши комнату

What is in your room? – There is a bed, a desk and a chair.
Is there a TV in your room? – No, there isn't. The TV is in the living room.
How many windows are there in your room? – There are two windows.
Are there any pictures on the wall? – Yes, there are three pictures.
Is there a carpet on the floor? – Yes, there is a big red carpet.
Are there any books on the desk? – Yes, there are some books and a lamp.

Матрица 2 — На кухне

What is there in the kitchen? – There is a fridge, a table and four chairs.
Is there any milk in the fridge? – Yes, there is some milk.
How much milk is there? – There is a little milk, not much.
Are there any eggs? – Yes, there are six eggs.
Is there any bread? – No, there isn't any bread.
How much water do you drink every day? – I drink a lot of water.

Матрица 3 — В городе

Are there many shops in your town? – Yes, there are a lot of shops.
Is there a hospital? – Yes, there is one big hospital.
How many schools are there? – There are three schools in the town.
Are there any parks? – Yes, there are two beautiful parks.
Is there a station? – Yes, there is a small station near the centre.
Are there many people in the streets? – Not many on Sunday morning.

Прогоняй до автоматизма.

THERE IS / THERE ARE — «есть / находится»

  There is + ед.ч. (исч.) / неисч.    There is a book / There is water
  There are + мн.ч. (исч.)            There are books

  Сокр.: there's = there is

ВОПРОС:
  Is there a book?       Yes, there is.    No, there isn't.
  Are there any books?   Yes, there are.   No, there aren't.

ОТРИЦАНИЕ:
  There is no time.   = There isn't any time.
  There are no books. = There aren't any books.

КВАНТИФИКАТОРЫ — РАЗДЕЛЕНИЕ ПО ТИПУ:

                Исчисл. (мн.ч.)     Неисчисл.
  много         many / a lot of     much / a lot of
  мало (-)      few                 little
  немного (+)   a few               a little
  какие-то      some                some
  никаких       no / not any        no / not any

  Хак: a lot of — работает с ОБОИМИ. В сомнении — a lot of.
  Ловушка: many с исчисл., much с неисчисл. Не "much books".

SOME vs ANY:
  утвержд.:  some  (I have some friends)
  отриц.:    any   (I don't have any friends)
  вопрос:    any (обычный) / some (просьба, предложение)
            Would you like some tea? — предлагаю, жду «да»

A FEW vs FEW   |   A LITTLE vs LITTLE
  a few = немного, достаточно (+)
  few   = мало, почти нет     (-)
  a little = немного (+)
  little   = мало (-)

HOW MUCH / HOW MANY:
  How much water?    (неисч.)
  How many books?    (исч.)

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ НЕИСЧ. (вспомни L8):
  water, milk, bread, money, time, information, advice, music, furniture
  → С ними: is, much, a little, some

Следующий шаг: Урок 10 — Прилагательные. И хорошая новость: они никогда не меняются. Ни по роду, ни по числу. После русского с его шестью падежами и тремя родами — это праздник.

Следующий урок:Урок 10: Прилагательные — никогда не меняются