Урок 30: Связный многоабзацный текст уровня B1 · English

Как работать с этим уроком

Прочитай короткий объяснительный текст про структуру абзаца и логические связки (10 минут).
Произнеси вслух примеры — обращай внимание на интонацию длинных предложений.
Производи — переходи от одного предложения к двум, потом к трём, потом к абзацу. Финальное упражнение — собственный текст из 3-х абзацев.

Это последний урок Блока 3. Новой грамматики нет: ты уже всё знаешь — все 12 времён (Урок 27), относительные придаточные (Урок 28), сложную именную группу с артиклями (Урок 29). Сегодня — собираешь это в связный текст: рассказ, описание, размышление.

Часть 1: Что делает текст связным

Связный текст — это не «много предложений подряд». Это последовательность предложений, связанных смыслом и формой. У русского и английского одни и те же три уровня связности:

Логическая связь — каждое следующее предложение продолжает мысль предыдущего.
Тематические повторы — одно и то же существительное, или его местоимение / синоним.
Слова-связки — however, therefore, moreover, while, on the other hand, for example.

Главный тест связности: убери одно предложение из середины — и должна возникнуть дыра. Если ничего не изменилось, предложение лишнее.

Часть 2: Структура абзаца

Английский абзац классически устроен из трёх частей:

Часть	Что	Сколько предложений
Topic sentence	главная мысль абзаца	1
Supporting sentences	детали, примеры, причины	2–5
Concluding sentence (опционально)	вывод или переход	1

Пример абзаца

Reading is one of the most useful habits a person can develop. Books open the mind to ideas and experiences that real life rarely offers. They also improve vocabulary, concentration, and the ability to think clearly. For these reasons, I try to read at least thirty minutes every day.

Topic sentence: Reading is one of the most useful habits… (главная мысль)
Supporting: Books open the mind… They also improve… (детали)
Concluding: For these reasons… (вывод)

Многоабзацный текст

Каждый абзац — одна мысль. Следующий абзац — следующий шаг рассуждения / следующая часть истории. Между абзацами — переходное слово или фраза:

First / Second / Finally… On the other hand… Another important point is… Years later…

Часть 3: Связки по функциям

Функция	Английский	Русский
Добавление	also, in addition, moreover, furthermore	также, кроме того, более того
Контраст	however, but, on the other hand, although	однако, но, с другой стороны, хотя
Причина/следствие	because, therefore, so, as a result	потому что, поэтому, в результате
Пример	for example, for instance, such as	например
Время	then, after that, meanwhile, later	потом, после этого, тем временем, позже
Резюме	in short, to sum up, in conclusion	вкратце, подытоживая, в заключение
Уточнение	in fact, actually, indeed	на самом деле, действительно
Порядок	first, second, then, finally	во-первых, во-вторых, потом, наконец

Тонкость: however в начале предложения, после запятой: However, the weather changed. Although — подчинительный союз: Although it was raining, we went out.

Часть 4: Согласование времён в длинном тексте

В одном абзаце все времена должны держаться одной временной точки, если только нет явного «прыжка».

Повествование в прошедшем

База — Past Simple. Внутри: Past Continuous для фона, Past Perfect для «прошлого до прошлого».

Last Friday I went to a small concert. The hall was full, and the lights were dim. The band had already started when I arrived. I quickly found my seat, while the singer was greeting the audience. By the end of the evening, I had decided to come back next month.

Все четыре прошедшие формы — в одном естественном тексте: Past Simple (went, was, found), Past Continuous (was greeting), Past Perfect (had started, had decided).

Повествование о настоящем / общем

База — Present Simple. Continuous для «прямо сейчас», Present Perfect для «к настоящему моменту».

I live in a small town in the south of the country. The town is quiet, and life here moves slowly. I have lived here for almost ten years, and I know almost every street. Right now I'm sitting in my favourite café, where I usually write in the mornings.

Прогноз / план будущего

База — will / be going to, плюс Present Continuous для договорённостей.

Next month I'm starting a new course. The course will last six months. By the end of it, I will have learned the basics of web design. After that, I'm going to look for a junior position. I think it will be a difficult but exciting year.

Часть 5: Один длинный пример — три абзаца

Прочитай и заметь, как работают: времена, придаточные, артикли, связки.

I have always loved old cities. There is something in the narrow streets, the worn stones, and the quiet courtyards that modern cities can never offer. The first time I visited Prague, I was only nineteen, and I remember standing on the Charles Bridge as the sun was setting behind the castle. By the time I returned to my hotel that evening, I had walked for almost six hours.

Since then, I have visited many ancient cities. Some, like Rome and Athens, are full of tourists and noise. Others, which are less famous, keep a quieter beauty. For example, in the small towns of central Italy, you can walk for an hour without meeting anyone, and almost every wall has a history that is hundreds of years old.

This year I'm planning a trip to a town I have never been to before. The town, whose name I won't reveal, is supposed to be one of the oldest in Europe. By the end of the summer, I will have visited it for the first time. I am sure that, like all the other places I love, it will give me something I cannot find anywhere else: a feeling of slow, patient time.

Что внутри:

Времена: Present Simple (love, is, can never offer), Past Simple (visited, was, remember, returned), Past Continuous (was setting), Past Perfect (had walked), Present Perfect (have visited), Present Continuous ('m planning), Future Perfect (will have visited).
Придаточные: that modern cities can never offer, which are less famous, that is hundreds of years old, whose name I won't reveal, that I cannot find anywhere else.
Артикли: the narrow streets, the worn stones, the quiet courtyards (определённые), a town, a feeling (новые), Prague, Rome, Athens, Europe (без артикля, имена собственные), modern cities, ancient cities, tourists, noise, history, time (общие/абстрактные — без артикля).
Связки: Since then, Some… Others, For example, This year.

Часть 6: Чек-лист для собственного текста

Перед сдачей собственного абзаца проверь:

Topic sentence: есть ли первая фраза, формулирующая мысль?
Связки: между предложениями есть переход или явная связь?
Времена: держится ли один временной «якорь» (прошлое / настоящее / будущее)?
Артикли: a для первого упоминания, the для повторного / уникального, ничего для абстрактных и общих.
Придаточные: хоть одно who/which/that? Слишком короткие предложения склеить, длинные — разрезать.
Чистота: нет ли «русизмов» — for to do, the love is, I a teacher?

Словарь урока

🔊 Выучи словаОткроет словарь урока во внешнем приложении: карточки со звуком, поиск, заметки.

also
также
moreover
более того
in addition
кроме того
however
однако
although
хотя
on the other hand
с другой стороны
while
в то время как
despite
несмотря на
because
потому что
since
поскольку
therefore
следовательно
so
поэтому, так что
as a result
в результате
for this reason
по этой причине
first
сначала, во-первых
then
потом
after that
после этого
meanwhile
тем временем
finally
наконец
by the time
к тому моменту
since then
с тех пор
for example
например
in fact
на самом деле
in short
вкратце
to sum up
подытоживая
in conclusion
в заключение
generally speaking
вообще говоря
strictly speaking
строго говоря
at first
поначалу

Немецкий	Перевод
also	также
moreover	более того
in addition	кроме того
however	однако
although	хотя
on the other hand	с другой стороны
while	в то время как
despite	несмотря на
because	потому что
since	поскольку
therefore	следовательно
so	поэтому, так что
as a result	в результате
for this reason	по этой причине
first	сначала, во-первых
then	потом
after that	после этого
meanwhile	тем временем
finally	наконец
by the time	к тому моменту
since then	с тех пор
for example	например
in fact	на самом деле
in short	вкратце
to sum up	подытоживая
in conclusion	в заключение
generally speaking	вообще говоря
strictly speaking	строго говоря
at first	поначалу

Полный словарь

557 записей

Прочитай задание, введи ответ по-английски и нажми «Проверить». Сначала идёт локальная проверка; в сложных случаях запрашиваем подсказку у Claude. Прогресс сохраняется автоматически.

🔊 УпражненияОткроет ответы упражнений во внешнем приложении — изучай со звуком и пословным разбором.

Упражнение 1. Соедини через подходящую связку

Соедини два предложения через however, because, although, so, therefore, moreover. Может быть несколько правильных ответов.

1.<say>The film was long. It was interesting.</say>

2.<say>She studied hard. She passed the exam.</say>

3.<say>I love coffee. I rarely drink it after six.</say>

4.<say>He is busy. He always has time for his family.</say>

5.<say>The road was closed. We took a different way.</say>

Упражнение 2. Соедини в одно предложение через придаточное

1.<say>I have a sister. She lives in Paris.</say>

2.<say>This is the restaurant. We had dinner there last week.</say>

3.<say>I read the book. You gave it to me.</say>

4.<say>That's the man. His son is a famous musician.</say>

5.<say>The car was expensive. He bought it yesterday.</say>

Упражнение 3. Перепиши абзац с правильными временами

Упражнение 4. Напиши собственный абзац (60–80 слов)

Напиши абзац на одну из тем:

Город, в котором ты живёшь.
Самая важная книга в твоей жизни.
Твой типичный рабочий день.
Твоя следующая поездка.

Требования: минимум три разных времени, минимум одно относительное придаточное, минимум две связки, корректные артикли с абстрактными существительными.

Свободное упражнение — без автопроверки. Проговори ответы вслух и иди дальше.

Упражнение 5. Прочитай вслух

Прочитай абзац вслух с правильной интонацией и паузами. Особенно — на запятых non-defining придаточных.

My grandfather, who was born in 1925, used to tell me stories about his youth. The stories, which I have never forgotten, were full of small details that brought the past to life. He had grown up in a tiny village where almost everyone was a relative. By the time he was twenty, he had moved to the capital, and the rest of his life is another long story.

Подсказки

Паузы после запятых non-defining: My grandfather, [pause] who was born in 1925, [pause] used to tell…
Связь had grown up и had moved — Past Perfect (предшествующие used to tell).
He had moved to the capital — Past Perfect → перед by the time he was twenty.

Свободное упражнение — без автопроверки. Проговори ответы вслух и иди дальше.

Нужно ещё практики? Claude составит новое упражнение из 10 заданий по словарю и теме урока.

Сгенерировано: 0 из 5

Тексты для аудирования

Три варианта на каждый урок. Открой в glottos.com для аудио с синхронизацией.

Текст A

Текст к уроку 30: My city

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

I live in a small city in the south of the country.
The city, which is over four hundred years old, has about two hundred thousand people.
It is famous for its narrow streets and its quiet parks.
Many tourists come here every summer.
They come mainly to see the old cathedral, which was built in the seventeenth century.
The cathedral is the heart of the old town.
I have lived here for almost twelve years.
I moved here after I finished university.
At first, I didn't know anyone in the city.
However, the people I met at work soon became my close friends.
The colleague who showed me around in those first weeks is now one of my best friends.
We often meet in the small café where we had our first lunch together.
The café, which is run by an old Italian couple, makes the best coffee in town.
Their son, whose name is Marco, took over the kitchen two years ago.
The food he cooks is simple but wonderful.
Although the city is small, there is always something to do.
In summer, the parks are full of families and street musicians.
In winter, the small theatre near the river offers excellent plays.
The river, which crosses the city from east to west, is one of my favourite places.
I often walk along it on Sunday mornings.
Last year, the city built a new bridge over the river.
The bridge, which is made of dark steel and light wood, has quickly become a symbol of the modern city.
People who pass it every day rarely think about its design.
But tourists usually stop to take photographs.
By the end of this year, the city will have completed three more public projects.
Next month I am moving to a new flat near the river.
The flat, which has a small balcony, looks out onto a quiet courtyard.
I am going to plant flowers there in the spring.
I love this city, and I cannot imagine living anywhere else.
In short, it is the place where I feel truly at home.

Текст B

Текст к уроку 30: My career so far

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

My career has been long and full of unexpected turns.
After I finished school, I went to university to study chemistry.
At that time, I wanted to become a researcher.
The professor who taught us organic chemistry was the most inspiring teacher I had ever met.
He had worked in three different countries before he came to our university.
The stories he told us made science seem like a great adventure.
However, by the end of my second year, I had started to doubt my choice.
I realised that I preferred working with people rather than with substances.
Therefore, I decided to change my path.
I left the chemistry programme and started studying economics.
The transition was difficult, but I never regretted it.
While I was studying economics, I worked part-time in a small bookshop.
The owner, whose name was Mrs Petersen, became a kind of second mother to me.
She had run the shop for over thirty years.
From her I learned more about business than from any textbook.
After I graduated, I joined a small consulting firm in the city centre.
The firm, which had only ten employees at that time, has grown enormously since then.
I have worked there for eleven years.
In addition, I have travelled to twenty countries on business.
Some of the projects I have led were extremely challenging.
For example, last year we helped a struggling factory in the north of the country.
The factory, which employs over five hundred people, was almost bankrupt when we arrived.
By the time we finished our work, the company had returned to profit.
Moreover, the staff had developed new skills that will serve them for years.
This year I am leading a team of twelve consultants.
We are working on a complex project for a national bank.
By the end of next month, we will have presented our final report.
After that, I am going to take a long holiday.
I plan to travel through Asia for six weeks.
In short, my career has taught me one thing: never be afraid to change direction.

Текст C

Текст к уроку 30: A letter from a long journey

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

Dear Anna, I am finally writing to you from a small town in northern Spain.
I have been travelling for almost three weeks.
By the time I get back home, I will have visited eleven cities.
The trip has already changed me more than I expected.
I left Moscow on the fifth of June.
The plane that took me to Madrid was almost empty.
I remember sitting by the window as we were flying over the mountains.
By the time I arrived in Madrid, I had not slept for almost twenty hours.
However, the energy of the city woke me up immediately.
I spent four days in Madrid, where I walked from morning until late at night.
The museum that impressed me most was the Prado.
I had read about its paintings for years, but seeing them was something else entirely.
After Madrid, I took a slow train to the south.
The train, which crossed dry yellow plains for hours, gave me time to think.
In Seville, I met a young French woman whose name was Camille.
She had been travelling for two months and knew Spain better than most Spaniards.
We spent three days exploring narrow streets that smelled of orange blossom.
Although we have known each other for only ten days, we are now real friends.
We will probably meet again in Paris next year.
Now I am in a small fishing village whose name I cannot even pronounce.
The houses are white, the sea is wild, and the food is simple.
The family who runs my small hotel makes me feel like a long-lost relative.
Their grandmother, who is ninety years old, has lived in this village all her life.
She tells me stories about a Spain that does not exist anymore.
In a few days, I am taking a ferry to a small island where I have never been.
By the end of the trip, I will have travelled by plane, train, bus, ferry and on foot.
I am going to write a long article about everything I have seen.
The article, which I am already planning in my head, will probably take months to finish.
I hope you are well, and I hope we will see each other very soon after I return.
With love and many photos to share, your old friend, Mark.

Аудио воспроизводится в glottos.com — открывается в новой вкладке.

Тренировка рта

Главный принцип: 95% — это тренировка рта. Читай каждую строку вслух. Не просто смотри — говори.

Языковые гаммы

🔊 Аудио-практика

Гамма 1 — добавление мыслей

Reading is useful. Moreover, it improves vocabulary.
Travel is exciting. In addition, it broadens the mind.
She studies hard. Also, she helps others.
The film was long. However, it was very interesting.
We were tired. Nevertheless, we kept walking.

Гамма 2 — причина и следствие

It was raining, so we stayed home.
I missed the bus because I left late.
She studied hard; therefore, she passed the exam.
We had no time. As a result, we postponed the trip.

Гамма 3 — последовательность

First, I had breakfast. Then I went to work.
After that, I had lunch with a friend.
Meanwhile, my colleagues finished the report.
Finally, in the evening, we relaxed at home.

Языковая матрица

Матрица 1 — превращение коротких в длинные

Короткое	Развёрнутое
I like books. They are useful.	I like books because they are useful.
It was raining. We went out.	Although it was raining, we went out.
She is tired. She keeps working.	She is tired; however, she keeps working.
I went to Rome. I had never been there.	I went to Rome, where I had never been before.

Матрица 2 — соединение через придаточное

Два предложения	Одно через придаточное
I have a friend. He lives in Berlin.	I have a friend who lives in Berlin.
This is the book. I told you about it.	This is the book (that) I told you about.
That's the village. We grew up there.	That's the village where we grew up.

СТРУКТУРА АБЗАЦА (английский стандарт):
  1. Topic sentence   — одна главная мысль
  2. Supporting       — 2-5 предложений с деталями
  3. Concluding       — вывод или переход

МНОГОАБЗАЦНЫЙ ТЕКСТ:
  Один абзац — одна мысль.
  Между абзацами — переходное слово/фраза.

ТРИ УРОВНЯ СВЯЗНОСТИ:
  1. Логика — каждая фраза продолжает мысль
  2. Тематические повторы — он / она / тот же предмет
  3. Связки — however, therefore, for example…

СВЯЗКИ ПО ФУНКЦИЯМ:
  + добавление:    also, moreover, in addition
  ≠ контраст:      however, but, on the other hand, although
  → причина:       because, since, as
  ⇒ следствие:     therefore, so, as a result
  ► пример:        for example, for instance, such as
  ⏰ время:         then, after that, meanwhile, finally
  ☐ резюме:        in short, to sum up, in conclusion

ПРОВЕРКА ВРЕМЁН В ТЕКСТЕ:
  выбери базу:
    прошлое  — Past Simple, + Past Continuous (фон),
                + Past Perfect (раньше)
    настоящее — Present Simple, + Present Continuous (сейчас),
                + Present Perfect (к моменту)
    будущее  — will / be going to, + Present Continuous
                (договорённости), + Future Perfect (к моменту)

ПРОВЕРКА АРТИКЛЕЙ В ТЕКСТЕ:
  a/an  — первое упоминание, один из многих
  the   — повторное / уникальное / с уточняющим придаточным
  нет   — общее множественное, неисчисляемое в общем,
          абстрактное в общем смысле, имена собственные

ЧЕК-ЛИСТ СОБСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА:
  ☐ Есть topic sentence?
  ☐ Между фразами есть связь / связка?
  ☐ Времена держатся одной базы?
  ☐ Артикли правильно?
  ☐ Есть хоть одно придаточное (who/which/that)?
  ☐ Нет русизмов (the love, I a teacher, for to do)?

ЭТО ВЕРХ БЛОКА 3 — УРОВЕНЬ B1. Ты теперь умеешь: говорить во всех 12 временах, строить относительные придаточные, оформлять сложные именные группы, писать связные абзацы. Это половина пути к C1.

Следующий шаг: Блок 4 — условные предложения, пассивный залог, косвенная речь и сложный синтаксис. Урок 31 — первый и нулевой условный.

Следующий урок:Урок 31: Условные предложения 1 — нулевой и первый