Lektion 32: Konditionalsätze 2 — Zweiter und Dritter (unreal) · English

Wie du mit dieser Lektion arbeitest

Lies die Regel der Zeitverschiebung nach hinten — sie ist eine und gilt für beide Typen (5 Minuten).
Spiel die Formeln laut durch — if + Past, … would + V und if + Past Perfect, … would have + V3 — bis die Struktur fließend kommt.
Übersetze schriftlich — die Hauptfalle ist nicht die Form, sondern das Erkennen „hier braucht es den zweiten, nicht den ersten".

Gute Nachricht: alle Formen kennst du schon. Past Simple — L12, Past Perfect — L25, would — modal, have + V3 — L21. Diese Lektion handelt vom Zusammensetzen des Bekannten zu neuer Bedeutung: Zeitverschiebung nach hinten = Signal „unreal".

Heimvorteil Konjunktiv II: das Deutsche hat ein paralleles System. „Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich gehen" entspricht fast eins-zu-eins dem englischen If I had time, I would go. Beides ist Konjunktiv. Englisch nimmt für „hätte" die Past-Simple-Form (had) — und für „würde gehen" die Modal-Konstruktion would + Infinitiv. Du musst kein neues Denken lernen, nur eine neue Form-Zuordnung. Das ist viel einfacher, als wenn man von einer Sprache ohne Konjunktiv käme.

Teil 1: Hauptidee — Zeitverschiebung = Verschiebung in die Unrealität

In L31 hast du Konditionale über die Realität gelernt: Präsens in beiden Hälften (nullter) oder Präsens + Futur (erster). Heute — zwei „unreale" Typen.

Prinzip: um zu sagen „das passiert / passierte nicht in Wirklichkeit", verschiebt das Englische alle Zeiten um einen Schritt nach hinten.

Typ	Worum geht es	Formel
Zweiter (Second)	unreale Gegenwart / unreale Zukunft	if + Past Simple, … would + V
Dritter (Third)	unreale Vergangenheit	if + Past Perfect, … would have + V3

Vergleiche mit den realen Konditionalen aus L31:

Real (L31)	Unreal (L32)
If it rains, I'll stay. (real möglich, dass es regnet)	If it rained, I would stay. (aber es regnet nicht)
If she comes, I'll be happy. (sie kann kommen)	If she had come, I would have been happy. (aber sie kam nicht)

Das Wichtigste: das Past Simple nach if im zweiten Konditional ist keine Vergangenheit. Es ist Gegenwart, aber vorgestellt. Die Verschiebung nach hinten ist das Signal „so etwas gibt es nicht".

Teil 2: Der zweite Konditional — unreale Gegenwart oder Zukunft

Formel: if + Past Simple, … would + V.

Wird verwendet, wenn der Sprecher weiß, dass die Bedingung entweder jetzt nicht erfüllt ist oder in der Zukunft unwahrscheinlich. Das ist eine Hypothese, ein Traum, ein höflicher Rat.

Englisch	Deutsch
If I had time, I would go to the gym.	Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich ins Fitnessstudio gehen. (aber ich habe keine Zeit)
If I were rich, I would buy a house.	Wenn ich reich wäre, würde ich ein Haus kaufen. (aber ich bin nicht reich)
If she lived nearby, we would meet often.	Wenn sie in der Nähe wohnen würde, würden wir uns oft sehen. (aber sie wohnt weit weg)
What would you do if you won the lottery?	Was würdest du tun, wenn du im Lotto gewinnen würdest?
If I knew his number, I would call him.	Wenn ich seine Nummer wüsste, würde ich ihn anrufen.
If you studied more, you would pass.	Wenn du mehr lernen würdest, würdest du bestehen. (aber du lernst nicht)

Hauptgedanke: zweiter Konditional = „Vergangenheitsform — aber Rede über jetzt oder über die unwahrscheinliche Zukunft".

Sonderfall: were für alle Personen

Im zweiten Konditional wird nach if traditionell were in allen Personen verwendet, auch I, he, she, it. Nicht was.

Formale Norm	Umgangssprachlich zulässig
If I were you, I would talk to her.	If I was you… (klingt aber schlechter)
If he were here, he would help.	If he was here…

In der festen Wendung immer were: If I were you… — „An deiner Stelle…". Das ist der häufigste Gebrauch des zweiten Konditionals, und hier hört man was fast nie.

Was statt would

Im Hauptteil des zweiten Konditionals können statt would auch could (könnte) oder might (könnte vielleicht) stehen:

Englisch	Deutsch
If I had a car, I could drive you home.	Wenn ich ein Auto hätte, könnte ich dich nach Hause fahren.
If we left now, we might catch the train.	Wenn wir jetzt gingen, würden wir vielleicht den Zug erwischen.

Teil 3: Der dritte Konditional — unreale Vergangenheit

Formel: if + Past Perfect, … would have + V3.

Wird verwendet, wenn der Sprecher weiß: in der Vergangenheit ist das nicht passiert, deshalb gab es auch keine Folge. Das ist Bedauern, Vorwurf, Analyse „was wäre gewesen, wenn".

Englisch	Deutsch
If I had known, I would have come.	Wenn ich es gewusst hätte, wäre ich gekommen. (aber ich wusste es nicht — deshalb kam ich nicht)
If she had studied, she would have passed.	Wenn sie gelernt hätte, hätte sie bestanden. (aber sie hat nicht gelernt — sie hat nicht bestanden)
If you had told me, I would have helped you.	Wenn du mir gesagt hättest, hätte ich dir geholfen.
If we hadn't left so late, we wouldn't have missed the train.	Wenn wir nicht so spät losgegangen wären, hätten wir den Zug nicht verpasst.
If I had been there, I would have called the police.	Wenn ich dort gewesen wäre, hätte ich die Polizei gerufen.
What would you have done if you had seen the accident?	Was hättest du gemacht, wenn du den Unfall gesehen hättest?

Hauptgedanke: dritter Konditional = „beide Teile schauen in die Vergangenheit, und beide sagen: das ist nicht passiert".

Wie man die Form zerlegt

would have come = would + have + come (dritte Form des Verbs).

would — modal „würde"
have — Hilfsverb für Perfekt
come — V3 (Partizip Perfekt)

In der Rede ausgesprochen als would've [wʊdəv]. Schriftlich kommt would've vor, im Gehör ständig.

Vollform	Kurzform
I would have gone	I would've gone / I'd have gone
She would not have known	She wouldn't have known

Höhrfalle: would've hört sich für viele Ohren oft an wie would of (und so schreiben es sogar Muttersprachler fälschlich!). Das ist keine Präposition of — das ist die Kurzform von have. Merk dir schriftlich: immer would have.

Teil 4: Vergleich aller vier Konditionale auf einen Blick

Das ist die Übersichtstabelle. Merke sie dir wie eine Karte.

Typ	If-Teil	Hauptteil	Bedeutung
0	Present	Present	allgemeine Wahrheit
1	Present	will + V	reale Zukunft
2	Past	would + V	unreale Gegenwart / Zukunft
3	Past Perfect	would have + V3	unreale Vergangenheit

Vergleiche denselben Inhalt in allen vier Typen:

Typ	Beispiel
0	If I have money, I spend it. (allgemeine Gewohnheit)
1	If I have money tomorrow, I'll buy it. (real morgen)
2	If I had money, I would buy it. (jetzt habe ich kein Geld)
3	If I had had money, I would have bought it. (damals hatte ich keins — habe nichts gekauft)

Skalenverschiebung: ein Schritt zurück in der Zeit = ein Schritt in die Unrealität. Das ist „backshift" — die Haupttechnik der englischen Konditionale, der wish-Konstruktionen (L33) und der indirekten Rede (L35).

Teil 5: Would — modales „würde", aber nicht nur

Das Wort would ist das Hauptsignal der Unrealität in beiden Konditionalen. Es hat drei zentrale Bedeutungen:

Bedeutung	Beispiel
Hypothese „würde" (wie in den Konditionalen)	I would help you.
Höfliche Bitte	Would you open the window?
Gewohnheit in der Vergangenheit	When I was a child, we would visit grandma every Sunday.

Heute interessiert uns die erste Bedeutung. Merk dir: would + Basisverb = „würde tun".

Verneinung und Frage

I wouldn't go there. — ich würde nicht hingehen
Would you do it? — würdest du das tun?
What would you do? — was würdest du tun?

Wortschatz dieser Lektion

🔊 Wörter lernenÖffnet den Wortschatz in der externen App — Karteikarten mit Audio, Suche und Notizen.

would
würde (modal)
could
könnte
might
könnte vielleicht
to wish
wünschen; bedauern
if only
wenn nur, wenn doch nur
to regret
bedauern
regret
Bedauern
to imagine
sich vorstellen
imagination
Vorstellungskraft
hypothetical
hypothetisch
scenario
Szenario
situation
Situation
circumstances
Umstände
chance
Chance, Möglichkeit
opportunity
Gelegenheit
to miss a chance
eine Chance verpassen
to take a chance
etwas riskieren
to change one's mind
seine Meinung ändern
to be in someone's shoes
an jemandes Stelle sein
to win the lottery
im Lotto gewinnen
to dream of
träumen von
to consider
erwägen, überlegen
to decide
entscheiden
to choose
wählen
choice
Wahl
decision
Entscheidung
mistake
Fehler
fault
Schuld
blame
beschuldigen
otherwise
sonst, andernfalls

Französisch	Übersetzung
would	würde (modal)
could	könnte
might	könnte vielleicht
to wish	wünschen; bedauern
if only	wenn nur, wenn doch nur
to regret	bedauern
regret	Bedauern
to imagine	sich vorstellen
imagination	Vorstellungskraft
hypothetical	hypothetisch
scenario	Szenario
situation	Situation
circumstances	Umstände
chance	Chance, Möglichkeit
opportunity	Gelegenheit
to miss a chance	eine Chance verpassen
to take a chance	etwas riskieren
to change one's mind	seine Meinung ändern
to be in someone's shoes	an jemandes Stelle sein
to win the lottery	im Lotto gewinnen
to dream of	träumen von
to consider	erwägen, überlegen
to decide	entscheiden
to choose	wählen
choice	Wahl
decision	Entscheidung
mistake	Fehler
fault	Schuld
blame	beschuldigen
otherwise	sonst, andernfalls

Vollständiges Wörterbuch

1,848 Einträge

Aufgabe lesen, Antwort auf Englisch eintippen und auf Prüfen klicken. Jede Antwort wird zuerst lokal geprüft; in kniffligen Fällen gibt Claude einen Hinweis. Der Fortschritt wird automatisch gespeichert.

🔊 ÜbungenÖffnet die Übungsantworten in der externen App — mit Audio und Wort-für-Wort-Analyse.

Übung 1. Bestimme den Typ des Konditionals

1.<say>If I had a car, I would drive you home.</say>

2.<say>If I had had a car, I would have driven you home.</say>

3.<say>If you don't hurry, you'll be late.</say>

4.<say>If you mix red and blue, you get purple.</say>

5.<say>If she had told me, I would have helped.</say>

6.<say>If she told me, I would help.</say>

Übung 2. Setze die Verben in die richtige Form (zweiter Konditional)

1.<say>If I (be) ___ you, I (talk) ___ to him.</say>

2.<say>If she (know) ___ the answer, she (tell) ___ us.</say>

3.<say>What you (do) ___ if you (win) ___ a million?</say>

4.<say>If we (have) ___ more time, we (visit) ___ the museum.</say>

5.<say>He (be) ___ happier if he (live) ___ in the country.</say>

6.<say>If I (speak) ___ Chinese, I (work) ___ in Beijing.</say>

Übung 3. Setze die Verben in die richtige Form (dritter Konditional)

1.<say>If I (know) ___ , I (come) ___ earlier.</say>

2.<say>She (pass) ___ the exam if she (study) ___ harder.</say>

3.<say>If we (leave) ___ on time, we (not miss) ___ the train.</say>

4.<say>What you (do) ___ if you (see) ___ the accident?</say>

5.<say>He (help) ___ us if we (ask) ___ him.</say>

6.<say>If they (be) ___ more careful, the mistake (not happen) ___ .</say>

Übung 4. Finde den Fehler

1.<say>If I would have time, I would call you.</say>

2.<say>If she would know, she would tell us.</say>

3.<say>If I was you, I would say yes.</say>

4.<say>If he had known, he would came.</say>

5.<say>If we would have left earlier, we would have caught the train.</say>

6.<say>What you would do if you won a million?</say>

Übung 5. Übersetze ins Englische

1.Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich mit dir gehen.

2.Wenn ich es gewusst hätte, wäre ich gekommen.

3.An deiner Stelle würde ich ihr die Wahrheit sagen.

4.Wenn sie fleißiger gelernt hätte, hätte sie die Prüfung bestanden.

5.Was würdest du tun, wenn du im Lotto gewinnen würdest?

6.Wenn wir nicht zu spät gewesen wären, hätten wir das Flugzeug erreicht.

7.Wenn ich reich wäre, würde ich um die Welt reisen.

8.Ich würde dir helfen, wenn ich könnte.

9.Wenn er es mir gesagt hätte, hätte ich es gewusst.

10.Was würdest du tun, wenn du an meiner Stelle wärst?

Übung 6. Lauter Durchlauf — Minidialog

— If I won the lottery, I'd buy a small island. — An island? Really? What would you do there? — I'd read books and swim every morning. What about you? — If I had that much money, I'd give half to charity. — That's noble. What would you do with the other half? — I'd travel. I've always wanted to see Japan.

Finde alle Formen des zweiten Konditionals. Tipp: es sind sechs.

Offene Übung — keine automatische Prüfung. Sag die Antworten laut und mach weiter.

Mehr Übung gewünscht? Claude erstellt aus Wortschatz und Thema dieser Lektion eine frische Übung mit 10 Aufgaben.

Erstellt: 0 von 5

Hörtexte

Drei Textvarianten pro Lektion. In glottos.com öffnen für synchrone Audiowiedergabe.

Text A

Text zur Lektion 32: If I were you

🔊 Audio-Praxis ↗

If I had more time, I would travel more.
If I were rich, I would buy a small house by the sea.
If I knew his number, I would call him right now.
If she lived closer, we would meet every weekend.
If I were you, I would talk to her honestly.
What would you do if you won the lottery?
If I had a car, I would drive everywhere.
If we lived in a warmer country, life would be easier.
If he spoke English, he would find a better job.
If I were the boss, I would change a lot of things.
If you asked me, I would tell you the truth.
If I could fly, I would go to the moon.
If we had more money, we would help our friends.
If she trusted me, things would be different.
If I were taller, I would play basketball.
If you studied more, you would pass easily.
If I were younger, I would start a new career.
If we worked together, we would finish faster.
If I had a dog, I would walk every morning.
If she came tonight, the party would be perfect.
What would you say if I asked you to marry me?
If I were in your place, I would say yes.
If I lived alone, I would be very bored.
If the weather were warmer, we would swim.
If he loved her, he would call her every day.
If I had a chance, I would learn three languages.
If we had a garden, we would grow tomatoes.
If I were free tonight, I would join you.
If she knew how I felt, she would understand.
If we left now, we might catch the last bus.

Text B

Text zur Lektion 32: If I had known

🔊 Audio-Praxis ↗

If I had known, I would have come earlier.
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
If we had left on time, we would have caught the train.
If you had told me, I would have helped you.
If they had invited us, we would have gone to the party.
If I had seen the message, I would have answered.
If he had been more careful, the accident would not have happened.
If we had booked the tickets earlier, we would have got better seats.
If she had stayed in school, she would have become a doctor.
If I had eaten less, I wouldn't have felt sick.
If he had asked, I would have said yes.
If we had taken a map, we wouldn't have got lost.
If she had not lied, we would still be friends.
If I had brought my umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet.
If you had practiced, you would have won the match.
If they had listened to me, the project would have succeeded.
If I had had your phone, I would have called you.
If we had moved to London, our life would have changed.
If she had married him, she would have been miserable.
If I had saved money, I could have bought the apartment.
If we had warned them, the disaster would have been avoided.
If he had been honest, I would have forgiven him.
If they had checked the figures, they would have spotted the error.
If I had slept better, I would have done a good job.
If she had taken the offer, her career would have grown.
If we had stayed longer, we would have seen the show.
If I had been there, I would have helped.
If he had spoken up, things would be different now.
If we had bought the house then, we would be rich today.
What would you have done if you had been in my place?

Text C

Text zur Lektion 32: A conversation about choices

🔊 Audio-Praxis ↗

What would you do if you could start your life again?
I would study music if I had the chance.
Really? I thought you wanted to be a lawyer.
I did, but if I were honest, music is my real passion.
So why didn't you choose it the first time?
If my parents had supported me, I would have tried.
But they wanted you to have a stable career, right?
Yes. If I had been braver, I would have gone my own way.
What about now? You could still change your career.
If I left my job, my family would lose everything.
I understand. If I were in your place, I would feel the same.
Some people would say it's never too late to change.
True. If I had more time, I would take guitar lessons.
You could start small. If you practiced an hour a day, it would add up.
Maybe. If I had not given up so easily before, I would be a real musician now.
That's a mixed feeling, isn't it?
Yes. And if you had become a teacher, would you be happy now?
Probably yes. If I had chosen teaching, I would have helped many kids.
But you have helped me. If you hadn't given me that advice, I would have failed.
I'm glad I did. If I could give one more piece of advice, what would you want to hear?
Tell me what you would do if you were thirty again.
I would take more risks. If I had taken risks, life would be very different.
And what would you not change?
The people I love. If I lost them, nothing else would matter.
That's beautiful.
If everyone thought like that, the world would be kinder.
If we hadn't met today, I would have missed this conversation.
Me too. If you ever need to talk again, just call.
I will. If you had more evenings free, we would meet more often.
Then let's plan one. If we set a date now, we won't forget.

Die Audiowiedergabe läuft über glottos.com — öffnet sich in einem neuen Tab.

Mundtraining

Kernprinzip: 95 % Mundtraining. Lies jede Zeile laut. Nicht nur hinschauen — sprechen.

Teil 7: Sprachtonleitern

🔊 Audio-Praxis

Sprachtonleiter 1 — zweiter Konditional, Durchlauf durch die Personen

If I had time, I would call you.
If you had time, you would call me.
If he had time, he would call us.
If she had time, she would call us.
If we had time, we would call you.
If they had time, they would call us.

Sprachtonleiter 2 — If I were…, Durchlauf durch die Personen

If I were you, I would speak up.
If I were rich, I would travel the world.
If I were younger, I would learn three languages.
If I were the boss, I would change the rules.
If I were in your place, I would say yes.

Sprachtonleiter 3 — dritter Konditional

If I had known, I would have come.
If you had known, you would have come.
If he had known, he would have come.
If she had known, she would have come.
If we had known, we would have come.
If they had known, they would have come.

Sprachtonleiter 4 — Kurzformen in der Rede

I'd help you if I could.       (= I would help)
He'd have come if he'd known.  (= He would have come if he had known)
We'd have stayed if it'd been warmer.

Teil 8: Sprachmatrix

Sprachmatrix 1 — Hypothese in der Gegenwart

Frage	Antwort
What would you do if you won the lottery?	If I won, I would buy a house.
Where would you go if you had a month off?	If I had a month off, I would go to Japan.
What would you say if she called?	If she called, I would say hello.
What would you do if you were me?	If I were you, I would talk to her.

Sprachmatrix 2 — Bedauern über die Vergangenheit

Frage	Antwort
What would you have done if you had known?	If I had known, I would have come earlier.
Would you have helped if she had asked?	Yes, I would have helped if she had asked.
What would you have studied at university?	I would have studied medicine if I had had the chance.
Would he have come if you had invited him?	Probably yes, if I had invited him in time.

KONDITIONALE 2 UND 3 — BEIDE ÜBER DIE UNREALITÄT

  ZWEITER (unreale Gegenwart / unwahrscheinliche Zukunft):
    if + Past Simple, … would + V
    If I had time, I would call you.
    If I were you, I would say yes.

  DRITTER (unreale Vergangenheit):
    if + Past Perfect, … would have + V3
    If I had known, I would have come.
    If she had studied, she would have passed.

PRINZIP DER BACKSHIFT-VERSCHIEBUNG:
  Ein Schritt zurück in der Zeit = ein Schritt in die Unrealität.

  real       |   unreal
  -----------|-------------
  Present    →  Past         (zweiter Konditional)
  Past       →  Past Perfect (dritter Konditional)

VARIANTEN IM HAUPTTEIL:
  Zweiter:  would / could / might + V
            If we left now, we might catch the bus.
  Dritter:  would have / could have / might have + V3
            If we had left earlier, we could have caught it.

WERE FÜR ALLE PERSONEN (formell):
  If I were you, …    (NICHT "If I was you" formell)
  If he were here, …  (im Gespräch ist *was* zulässig)
  In der festen Wendung "If I were you…" — nur were.

HAUPTFALLEN FÜR DEUTSCHSPRACHIGE:
  1. Nach if KEIN "would" / "would have".
       NICHT: If I would have time…
       RICHTIG: If I had time…
       NICHT: If I would have known…
       RICHTIG: If I had known…
  2. Im dritten Konditional — V3 (Partizip), nicht V2.
       NICHT: would came
       RICHTIG: would have come
  3. "Would've" klingt wie "would of" — das ist KEINE Präposition.
     Schriftlich immer would have.

KURZFORMEN IN DER REDE:
  I would have   → I would've / I'd have
  she had        → she'd
  would not have → wouldn't have

HEIMVORTEIL:
  Deutsch hat den parallelen Konjunktiv II:
    "Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich gehen" ↔ "If I had time, I would go."
  Du musst nur die Form-Zuordnung lernen, nicht das Denken.

Nächster Schritt: Lektion 33 — I wish / if only, gemischte Konditionale und andere unreale Konstruktionen (it's time, would rather). Dieselbe Zeitverschiebung nach hinten in etwas anderer Verpackung.

Nächste Lektion:Lektion 33: Wishes, regrets, mixed conditionals