Lesson 15: Prepositions with pronoun suffixes — "preposition + pronoun = one word"
Vocabulary: paradigms of le-, be-, im, et, al, mi-, mul, lifnei, acharei, shel; relational vocabulary
How to work with this lesson
- Read — get the main principle (5 minutes, no more).
- Run the paradigm aloud — every preposition through all 10 persons: ani → ata → at → hu → hi → anachnu → atem → aten → hem → hen. These are the "language scales".
- Write each paradigm by hand once — in a column. The eye will remember.
- Don't try to derive the form on the fly. This is a fixed table — memorize it like the multiplication table.
Knowing the rule = 5%. Training the reflex "to me → li, not le + ani" = 95%.
Part 1: The main thing to understand
In some languages "to me" is already one word, even though historically it equals "to + I". The English speaker doesn't say "to I", "to you", "to he" — you say me, you, him. These forms are fused and learned whole.
Hebrew does the same — but for nine common prepositions at once. Where English says "to me", Hebrew says li. Where "in you" — bekha. Where "with her" — ita. This is one word, not "preposition + pronoun".
You can't build it from two words every time. You can't say "le + ani" — that's wrong, and you won't be understood. You have to produce li directly.
The principle: the preposition in Hebrew takes a pronoun suffix (like a noun in L18 — sefer + i = sifri "my book"). The result is one phonetic unit: stem of the preposition + person ending.
The good news: the suffixes are the same for every preposition. If you've learned li / lekha / lakh / lo / la / lanu / lakhem / lakhen / lahem / lahen — you know which endings to glue onto be-, im, al, mul, lifnei, acharei and dozens of others. The complicated news: the preposition's stem changes before the suffix (le- → l-, be- → b-, im → it-/im-), and these changes have to be memorized separately for each preposition.
Hebrew splits "you-plural" and "they" by gender. So "to you (pl.)" is lakhem (m.) vs. lakhen (f.), and "to them" is lahem (m.) vs. lahen (f.). Always 10 forms, not 6.
Part 2: Universal suffix table (memorize ONCE)
Before we dig into specific prepositions, take a look at the skeleton — the person suffixes. They are the same for all prepositions and for noun possessives (L18). Learn them once — they pay off everywhere.
| Person | Suffix | Logic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 sg (ani — I) | -i | "to me / me" |
| 2 m sg (ata — you m.) | -kha | "to you m." |
| 2 f sg (at — you f.) | -kh / -akh | "to you f." |
| 3 m sg (hu — he) | -o | "to him" |
| 3 f sg (hi — she) | -a / -ah | "to her" |
| 1 pl (anachnu — we) | -nu | "to us" |
| 2 m pl (atem — you m.) | -khem | "to you m." |
| 2 f pl (aten — you f.) | -khen | "to you f." |
| 3 m pl (hem — they m.) | -hem / -am | "to them m." |
| 3 f pl (hen — they f.) | -hen / -an | "to them f." |
Hint: masculine plural — -khem / -hem, feminine — -khen / -hen. It's a pair, like "-im / -ot" for nouns, only for pronouns.
Part 3: Paradigm of ל- (le-) — "to, for, whose"
The most common preposition. Used everywhere: give to, say to, go to, belong to.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | לִי | li | to me / I have |
| ata (m.) | לְךָ | lekha | to you (m.) |
| at (f.) | לָךְ | lakh | to you (f.) |
| hu | לוֹ | lo | to him |
| hi | לָהּ | la | to her |
| anachnu | לָנוּ | lanu | to us |
| atem (m.) | לָכֶם | lakhem | to you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | לָכֶן | lakhen | to you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | לָהֶם | lahem | to them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | לָהֶן | lahen | to them (f.) |
Examples:
- אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לְךָ סֵפֶר. — Ani noten lekha sefer. — I'm giving you (m.) a book.
- הִיא אָמְרָה לִי שָׁלוֹם. — Hi amra li shalom. — She said "hello" to me.
- יֵשׁ לָהֶם בַּיִת גָּדוֹל. — Yesh lahem bayit gadol. — They (m.) have a big house. (literally: "there is to-them…")
- לֹא אִכְפַּת לִי. — Lo ikhpat li. — I don't care. (literally: "not-there-is-importance to me")
Notice: possession in Hebrew is built with yesh + le- + suffix: "there is to me" = I have. Yesh li sefer = "I have a book". L10 mentioned this — now you have the full paradigm.
Trap: lo = "to him" (preposition + suffix). לֹא lo = "no / not" (negation). They are written differently (לוֹ vs. לֹא) but sound the same. Tell them apart by context.
Part 4: Paradigm of ב- (be-) — "in, on, by"
The preposition of location and instrument: "in Tel Aviv", "by car", "on the phone".
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | בִּי | bi | in me |
| ata (m.) | בְּךָ | bekha | in you (m.) |
| at (f.) | בָּךְ | bakh | in you (f.) |
| hu | בּוֹ | bo | in him / in it |
| hi | בָּהּ | ba | in her / in it |
| anachnu | בָּנוּ | banu | in us |
| atem (m.) | בָּכֶם | bakhem | in you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | בָּכֶן | bakhen | in you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | בָּהֶם | bahem | in them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | בָּהֶן | bahen | in them (f.) |
Examples:
- אֲנִי מַאֲמִין בְּךָ. — Ani ma'amin bekha. — I believe in you (m.).
- יֵשׁ בּוֹ מַשֶּׁהוּ מְיֻחָד. — Yesh bo mashehu meyukhad. — There's something special in him.
- הִיא הִתְבּוֹנְנָה בָּהֶם. — Hi hitbonena bahem. — She looked at them (m.). (verb hitbonen + be-)
Notice the symmetry with le-: the stem changes (l- → la-, b- → ba-) in the plural and 3 f., but the suffixes are the same. Once you've learned le-, the be- form is 80% guessable.
Part 5: Paradigm of עִם (im) — "with (together)"
"I'm with you", "he's with friends", "we're with you". This is togetherness, not instrument. (For instrument — be-: "to write with a pen" = likhtov be-eit.)
The preposition im has a quirk: in inflected forms the stem becomes it- (historically a different preposition stem). Memorize as is.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | אִתִּי | iti | with me |
| ata (m.) | אִתְּךָ | itkha | with you (m.) |
| at (f.) | אִתָּךְ | itakh | with you (f.) |
| hu | אִתּוֹ | ito | with him |
| hi | אִתָּהּ | ita | with her |
| anachnu | אִתָּנוּ | itanu | with us |
| atem (m.) | אִתְּכֶם | itkhem | with you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | אִתְּכֶן | itkhen | with you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | אִתָּם | itam | with them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | אִתָּן | itan | with them (f.) |
Examples:
- אַתָּה בָּא אִתִּי? — Ata ba iti? — Are you (m.) coming with me?
- דִּבַּרְתִּי אִתָּהּ אֶתְמוֹל. — Dibarti ita etmol. — I spoke with her yesterday.
- הֵם גָּרִים אִתָּנוּ. — Hem garim itanu. — They (m.) live with us.
Parallel form: in colloquial speech you often hear iti / itkha etc. with the stem it-. In writing / formal you may meet immi / immkha — same idea. We're learning the colloquial it- as the main form.
Don't confuse: im (עִם, "with") vs. im (אִם, "if" — for conditionals, L33). Different words, different letters (ayin vs. alef), same sound.
Part 6: Paradigm of אֵת / אֶת (et) — for a direct-object pronoun
Remember L11? Before a definite direct object Hebrew requires the particle et: ani ohev et ha-yeled "I love the boy". A pronoun ("him", "her", "them") is by definition definite, so it must go via et + suffix. These are exactly the forms oto, otah, otam etc. — "him, her, them" as a direct object.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | אוֹתִי | oti | me (acc.) |
| ata (m.) | אוֹתְךָ | otkha | you (m.) |
| at (f.) | אוֹתָךְ | otakh | you (f.) |
| hu | אוֹתוֹ | oto | him |
| hi | אוֹתָהּ | ota | her |
| anachnu | אוֹתָנוּ | otanu | us |
| atem (m.) | אֶתְכֶם | etkhem | you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | אֶתְכֶן | etkhen | you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | אוֹתָם | otam | them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | אוֹתָן | otan | them (f.) |
Remember the "double" stem: for 1, 3 p. and "us" — ot- (with the Hebrew "o"). For 2 pl. — et- (etkhem, etkhen). It's a historical quirk; that's how children learn it in school.
Examples:
- אֲנִי אוֹהֵב אוֹתָךְ. — Ani ohev otakh. — I love you (f.). (m. speaker)
- רָאִיתִי אוֹתוֹ בַּחֲנוּת. — Ra'iti oto ba-khanut. — I saw him at the shop.
- הֵם מַזְמִינִים אוֹתָנוּ. — Hem mazminim otanu. — They (m.) are inviting us.
- הִיא לֹא מַכִּירָה אֶתְכֶם. — Hi lo makira etkhem. — She doesn't know you (m.).
Main idea: "I saw him" is ra'iti oto (literally "saw-I him"). You can't say ra'iti et hu — the language's algorithm is: et + pronoun suffix, period.
Contrast: et / im — two different words. et is "the direct-object particle", not the preposition "with". "With Dani" = im Dani. "Dani (acc.)" = et Dani.
Part 7: Paradigm of עַל (al) — "on, about"
"On the table", "about the movie", "about you". The stem in the inflected form is al- with lengthening: alai, alekha, alav etc. Memorize as an exception to the "regular" suffixes — they're a bit different here.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | עָלַי | alai | on me / about me |
| ata (m.) | עָלֶיךָ | alekha | on you (m.) / about you |
| at (f.) | עָלַיִךְ | alayikh | on you (f.) / about you |
| hu | עָלָיו | alav | on him / about him |
| hi | עָלֶיהָ | aleha | on her / about her |
| anachnu | עָלֵינוּ | aleinu | on us / about us |
| atem (m.) | עֲלֵיכֶם | aleikhem | on you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | עֲלֵיכֶן | aleikhen | on you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | עֲלֵיהֶם | aleihem | on them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | עֲלֵיהֶן | aleihen | on them (f.) |
Notice the characteristic -ei- in the stem in the plural and in some forms. This is the same "lengthened" paradigm that shows up in lifnei, acharei below. Memorize al as a "hard" example — after it, the others feel easier.
Examples:
- הַסֵּפֶר עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן. — Ha-sefer al ha-shulkhan. — The book is on the table. (al with a noun — no suffix)
- דִּבַּרְנוּ עָלֶיךָ. — Dibarnu alekha. — We talked about you (m.).
- מָה דַעְתְּךָ עָלָיו? — Ma da'atkha alav? — What's your opinion of him? (literally: what is your opinion about him)
- אַל תִּכְעַס עָלַי. — Al tikh'as alai. — Don't be angry with me.
Part 8: Paradigm of מִן / מ- (mi-, me-) — "from, out of"
"From home", "from mom", "more than me". The stem in the inflected form is mimme- (historically min + strengthening): mimmeni, mimmekha etc.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | מִמֶּנִּי | mimmeni | from me / out of me |
| ata (m.) | מִמְּךָ | mimmekha | from you (m.) |
| at (f.) | מִמֵּךְ | mimmekh | from you (f.) |
| hu | מִמֶּנּוּ | mimmenu | from him |
| hi | מִמֶּנָּה | mimmena | from her |
| anachnu | מֵאִתָּנוּ | me-itanu | from us |
| atem (m.) | מִכֶּם | mikem | from you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | מִכֶּן | miken | from you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | מֵהֶם | mehem | from them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | מֵהֶן | mehen | from them (f.) |
Examples:
- קִבַּלְתִּי מַתָּנָה מִמְּךָ. — Kibalti matana mimmekha. — I got a gift from you (m.).
- הִיא גְּדוֹלָה מִמֶּנִּי. — Hi gdola mimmeni. — She is bigger than me. (comparison via mi- + suffix — L19)
- הֵם בָּאוּ מֵהֶם. — Hem ba'u mehem. — They came from them.
Homonymy trap: mimmenu = "from him" AND "from us" (identical form!). Distinguished by context and by the pointing in writing: "from him" = מִמֶּנּוּ (with dagesh in nun), "from us" in formal speech = מִמֶּנּוּ or mei-itanu. Colloquially they more often say me-itanu to avoid the ambiguity.
Part 9: Paradigm of מוּל (mul) — "opposite, in front of"
"Opposite me", "in front of the house". A simple paradigm with the "regular" suffixes.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | מוּלִי | muli | opposite me |
| ata (m.) | מוּלְךָ | mulkha | opposite you (m.) |
| at (f.) | מוּלֵךְ | mulekh | opposite you (f.) |
| hu | מוּלוֹ | mulo | opposite him |
| hi | מוּלָהּ | mula | opposite her |
| anachnu | מוּלֵנוּ | mulenu | opposite us |
| atem (m.) | מוּלְכֶם | mulkhem | opposite you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | מוּלְכֶן | mulkhen | opposite you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | מוּלָם | mulam | opposite them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | מוּלָן | mulan | opposite them (f.) |
Example: הַבַּנְק נִמְצָא מוּלִי. — Ha-bank nimtsa muli. — The bank is opposite me.
Part 10: Paradigms of לִפְנֵי (lifnei) and אַחֲרֵי (acharei) — "before" and "after"
Temporal and spatial. Both end in -ei in the stem — this is the "construct" form (akin to smikhut, L20). So the suffixes come with the same lengthening seen with al.
lifnei — "before, in front of"
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | לְפָנַי | lefanai | in front of me |
| ata (m.) | לְפָנֶיךָ | lefanekha | in front of you (m.) |
| at (f.) | לְפָנַיִךְ | lefanayikh | in front of you (f.) |
| hu | לְפָנָיו | lefanav | in front of him |
| hi | לְפָנֶיהָ | lefaneha | in front of her |
| anachnu | לְפָנֵינוּ | lefaneinu | in front of us |
| atem (m.) | לִפְנֵיכֶם | lifneikhem | before you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | לִפְנֵיכֶן | lifneikhen | before you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | לִפְנֵיהֶם | lifneihem | before them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | לִפְנֵיהֶן | lifneihen | before them (f.) |
acharei — "after, behind"
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | אַחֲרַי | acharai | after me / behind me |
| ata (m.) | אַחֲרֶיךָ | acharekha | after you (m.) |
| at (f.) | אַחֲרַיִךְ | acharayikh | after you (f.) |
| hu | אַחֲרָיו | acharav | after him |
| hi | אַחֲרֶיהָ | achareha | after her |
| anachnu | אַחֲרֵינוּ | achareinu | after us |
| atem (m.) | אַחֲרֵיכֶם | achareikhem | after you (m.) |
| aten (f.) | אַחֲרֵיכֶן | achareikhen | after you (f.) |
| hem (m.) | אַחֲרֵיהֶם | achareihem | after them (m.) |
| hen (f.) | אַחֲרֵיהֶן | achareihen | after them (f.) |
Examples:
- בּוֹאִי אַחֲרַי! — Bo'i acharai! — Come after me! (command to a woman)
- הוּא יָשַׁב לְפָנֶיהָ. — Hu yashav lefaneha. — He sat in front of her.
- אַחֲרֵיכֶם, בְּבַקָּשָׁה. — Achareikhem, bevakasha. — After you (m.), please. (politeness in doorways)
Notice the structural parallel lifnei ↔ acharei: both series follow the same schema (-ai, -ekha, -ayikh, -av, -eha, -einu, -eikhem, -eikhen, -eihem, -eihen). Learn one — you almost know the other.
Part 11: Short review of שֶׁל (shel) — "of, belonging to"
This was already in L18 (possession), but we'll briefly review, because shel + suffix works on the same rules.
| Person | Hebrew | Translit | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ani | שֶׁלִּי | sheli | mine |
| ata (m.) | שֶׁלְּךָ | shelkha | yours (m.) |
| at (f.) | שֶׁלָּךְ | shelakh | yours (f.) |
| hu | שֶׁלּוֹ | shelo | his |
| hi | שֶׁלָּהּ | shela | hers |
| anachnu | שֶׁלָּנוּ | shelanu | ours |
| atem (m.) | שֶׁלָּכֶם | shelakhem | yours (m.) |
| aten (f.) | שֶׁלָּכֶן | shelakhen | yours (f.) |
| hem (m.) | שֶׁלָּהֶם | shelahem | theirs (m.) |
| hen (f.) | שֶׁלָּהֶן | shelahen | theirs (f.) |
Notice: shel is le- with the addition of she- ("which"). Historically "which [belongs] to you". So the suffixes of shel and le- are the same: -i, -kha, -akh, -o, -a, -anu, -akhem, -akhen, -ahem, -ahen.
Example: הַסֵּפֶר שֶׁלִּי, לֹא שֶׁלְּךָ. — Ha-sefer sheli, lo shelkha. — The book is mine, not yours.
Lesson vocabulary
- לְיַדnext to, near
- לִפְנֵיbefore, in front of
- אַחֲרֵיafter, behind
- מוּלopposite
- בֵּיןbetween
- תַּחַתunder
- מֵעַלabove, over
- בְּתוֹךְinside
- מִחוּץ לְ-outside
- סָבִיבaround
- יָמִינָהto the right
- שְׂמֹאלָהto the left
- יָשָׁרstraight
- כָּאן / פֹּהhere
- שָׁםthere
- אֵצֶלat (someone's place; like French chez)
- בִּגְלַלbecause of
- בִּשְׁבִילfor, for the sake of
| German | Translation | |
|---|---|---|
לְיַד | next to, near | |
לִפְנֵי | before, in front of | |
אַחֲרֵי | after, behind | |
מוּל | opposite | |
בֵּין | between | |
תַּחַת | under | |
מֵעַל | above, over | |
בְּתוֹךְ | inside | |
מִחוּץ לְ- | outside | |
סָבִיב | around | |
יָמִינָה | to the right | |
שְׂמֹאלָה | to the left | |
יָשָׁר | straight | |
כָּאן / פֹּה | here | |
שָׁם | there | |
אֵצֶל | at (someone's place; like French chez) | |
בִּגְלַל | because of | |
בִּשְׁבִיל | for, for the sake of |
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🔊 ExercisesOpens the exercise answers in the external app — study with audio and word-by-word breakdown.Exercise 1. Run the le- paradigm through all 10 persons
Say it out loud, no peeking at the table:
"to me / to you m. / to you f. / to him / to her / to us / to you m. / to you f. / to them m. / to them f."
Open-ended drill — no automatic check. Say the answers aloud, then move on.
Exercise 2. Replace the pronoun
Rewrite the phrase, replacing the underlined pronoun with the right preposition + suffix.
Exercise 3. Find the "hidden" preposition
Break each form down: which preposition + which person is "wired" into it?
Exercise 4. Translate into Hebrew
Exercise 5. Question-and-answer matrix (5 scenarios through all persons)
Run this mini-dialogue in three versions: (a) addressee is a man; (b) addressee is a woman; (c) addressee is a group of men.
— אֵיפֹה הַסֵּפֶר שֶׁלִּי? — הוּא אֶצְלִי. אֲנִי אֶתֵּן לְךָ אוֹתוֹ מָחָר. — תּוֹדָה! אֲנִי בָּא אִתָּךְ? — כֵּן, בּוֹא אִתִּי.
Transliteration:
— Eifo ha-sefer sheli? (Where is my book?) — Hu etzli. Ani eten lekha oto machar. (It's at my place. I'll give it to you tomorrow.) — Toda! Ani ba itkha? (Thanks! Am I going with you?) — Ken, bo iti. (Yes, come with me.)
Open-ended drill — no automatic check. Say the answers aloud, then move on.
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Listening texts
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Text AText A for Lesson 15: Dialogues "give me / tell her / he told me"🔊 Audio practice ↗
- תֵּן לִי, בְּבַקָּשָׁה, אֶת הַסֵּפֶר.
- אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לְךָ אוֹתוֹ.
- תּוֹדָה רַבָּה לְךָ!
- דָּנָה, תְּנִי לִי כּוֹס מַיִם.
- אֲנִי נוֹתֶנֶת לָךְ.
- הוּא אָמַר לִי שָׁלוֹם.
- הִיא אָמְרָה לוֹ תּוֹדָה.
- אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לָךְ אֱמֶת.
- הַמּוֹרֶה אוֹמֵר לָנוּ: כִּתְבוּ!
- אִמָּא אָמְרָה לָהֶם: בּוֹאוּ הַבַּיְתָה.
- מָה הִיא אָמְרָה לְךָ?
- הִיא אָמְרָה לִי שֶׁהַכֹּל בְּסֵדֶר.
- אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לָהּ מַתָּנָה.
- הִיא נוֹתֶנֶת לוֹ סֵפֶר.
- אֲנַחְנוּ נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם אֹכֶל.
- הֵם נוֹתְנִים לָנוּ מַיִם.
- תַּגִּיד לִי, מָה הַשָּׁעָה?
- תַּגִּידִי לוֹ שָׁלוֹם מִמֶּנִּי.
- תַּגִּידוּ לָהּ שֶׁאֲנִי בָּא.
- הוּא לֹא עוֹנֶה לִי.
- לָמָּה אַתָּה לֹא עוֹנֶה לָנוּ?
- אֲנִי עוֹנֶה לָךְ עַכְשָׁו.
- הוּא כָּתַב לָהּ מִכְתָּב.
- הִיא כָּתְבָה לִי הוֹדָעָה.
- אֲנִי שׁוֹלֵחַ לְךָ אֶת הַקֹּבֶץ.
- הִיא הִתְקַשְּׁרָה אֵלַי אֶתְמוֹל. (אֶל + suffix — closely related to le-)
- תַּעֲזֹר לִי, בְּבַקָּשָׁה!
- אֲנִי עוֹזֵר לְךָ.
- הֵם עוֹזְרִים לָנוּ תָּמִיד.
- תּוֹדָה לָכֶם עַל הַכֹּל.
Text BText B for Lesson 15: Where things are — spatial relations🔊 Audio practice ↗
- הַסֵּפֶר עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן.
- הַסֵּפֶר עָלָיו, עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן הַזֶּה.
- הָעֵט בַּמְּגֵרָה.
- הַחָתוּל מִתַּחַת לַכִּסֵּא.
- הַתְּמוּנָה מֵעַל הַסַּפָּה.
- הַתִּינוֹק יָשֵׁן בַּמִּטָּה.
- הַתִּינוֹק יָשֵׁן בָּהּ כְּבָר שָׁעָה.
- אֲנִי גָּר לְיַד הַיָּם.
- אַתָּה גָּר לְיָדוֹ?
- הַבַּנְק נִמְצָא מוּל הַדֹּאַר.
- הוּא נִמְצָא מוּלוֹ, מֵעֵבֶר לָרְחוֹב.
- דָּנָה יוֹשֶׁבֶת לְפָנַי בַּכִּתָּה.
- אֲנִי יוֹשֵׁב אַחֲרֶיהָ.
- הַיֶּלֶד עוֹמֵד בֵּין אַבָּא לְאִמָּא.
- הוּא עוֹמֵד בֵּינֵיהֶם וְצוֹחֵק.
- סְבִיב הַשֻּׁלְחָן יוֹשְׁבִים כָּל הַחֲבֵרִים.
- אֲנִי בָּא אִתּוֹ לַמְּסִבָּה.
- הִיא בָּאָה אִתָּנוּ.
- הֵם הוֹלְכִים אִתָּן בָּרְחוֹב.
- הַמַּפְתֵּחַ בְּתוֹךְ הַתִּיק.
- הַכֶּלֶב יָשַׁן בְּתוֹכוֹ אֶתְמוֹל!
- הָאוֹטוֹבּוּס עוֹצֵר לְיָדֵנוּ.
- הוּא עוֹמֵד מוּלֵנוּ עַכְשָׁו.
- הָאוֹר דּוֹלֵק מֵעָלֵינוּ.
- אֲנַחְנוּ צוֹחֲקִים מִתַּחְתָּיו.
- אֲנִי שָׂם אֶת הַסֵּפֶר לְיָדִי.
- הִיא שָׂמָה אֶת הַתִּיק לְיָדָהּ.
- סָבִיב הָעִיר יֵשׁ הָרִים.
- סְבִיבֵנוּ הַכֹּל יָרֹק וְיָפֶה.
- הַיְּלָדִים רָצִים אַחֲרֵינוּ.
Text CText C for Lesson 15: Mixed scenarios — all paradigms together🔊 Audio practice ↗
- יֵשׁ לִי חָבֵר טוֹב. קוֹרְאִים לוֹ דָּנִי.
- אֲנִי מַכִּיר אוֹתוֹ הַרְבֵּה שָׁנִים.
- הוּא גָּר לְיָדִי, מוּלֵנוּ מַמָּשׁ.
- אֲנַחְנוּ הוֹלְכִים יַחַד לְבֵית הַסֵּפֶר.
- אֲנִי הוֹלֵךְ אִתּוֹ כָּל בֹּקֶר.
- אֶתְמוֹל הוּא לֹא דִּבֵּר אִתִּי.
- שָׁאַלְתִּי אוֹתוֹ: מָה קָרָה?
- הוּא אָמַר לִי: אֲנִי כּוֹעֵס עָלֶיךָ.
- לָמָּה אַתָּה כּוֹעֵס עָלַי?
- כִּי לֹא בָּאתָ אֵלַי לְיוֹם הַהֻלֶּדֶת.
- אֲבָל אֲנִי לֹא יָדַעְתִּי עָלָיו!
- הוּא אָמַר: סִפַּרְתִּי לְךָ בַּשָּׁבוּעַ שֶׁעָבַר.
- לֹא, אַתָּה לֹא סִפַּרְתָּ לִי כְּלוּם.
- אוּלַי סִפַּרְתִּי לְאִמָּא שֶׁלְּךָ?
- כֵּן! הִיא לֹא אָמְרָה לִי דָּבָר.
- עַכְשָׁו אֲנִי מֵבִין. סְלִיחָה מִמְּךָ.
- אַל תִּכְעַס עָלַי, אַתָּה הֶחָבֵר הֲכִי טוֹב שֶׁלִּי.
- גַּם אַתָּה הֶחָבֵר שֶׁלִּי. אֲנִי לֹא כּוֹעֵס יוֹתֵר.
- יֵשׁ לִי מַתָּנָה בִּשְׁבִילְךָ.
- בִּשְׁבִילִי? תּוֹדָה רַבָּה!
- הִיא מִמֶּנִּי וּמֵאִמָּא שֶׁלִּי.
- בּוֹא אִתִּי, נֵלֵךְ לַקּוֹלְנוֹעַ.
- מָה נִרְאֶה? יֵשׁ סֶרֶט חָדָשׁ עָלָיו דִּבְּרוּ הַכֹּל.
- אֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלָיו דְּבָרִים טוֹבִים.
- אַחֲרֵי הַסֶּרֶט נֵלֵךְ אֶצְלִי.
- אִמָּא שֶׁלִּי הֵכִינָה לָנוּ אֹכֶל.
- הִיא תָּמִיד שׂוֹמֶרֶת לָנוּ מָקוֹם בַּשֻּׁלְחָן.
- אֲנִי מַאֲמִין בְּךָ, חָבֵר.
- גַּם אֲנִי מַאֲמִין בְּךָ.
- בֵּינֵינוּ הַכֹּל בְּסֵדֶר עַכְשָׁו.
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No scales or matrices in this lesson yet — they start from Lesson 3. Use the listening texts above for speaking practice.
THE MAIN POINT:
Hebrew fuses preposition + pronoun into ONE word.
"To me" = li, NOT "le + ani". "With you" = itkha, NOT "im + ata".
This is a fixed paradigm — memorize, don't build.
Always 10 forms: ani / ata / at / hu / hi / anachnu / atem / aten / hem / hen.
UNIVERSAL SUFFIXES (glue onto almost any stem):
-i / -kha / -kh(akh) / -o / -a / -nu / -khem / -khen / -hem(am) / -hen(an)
CORE PARADIGMS:
le- (to, for, whose):
li | lekha | lakh | lo | la | lanu | lakhem | lakhen | lahem | lahen
be- (in, on, by):
bi | bekha | bakh | bo | ba | banu | bakhem | bakhen | bahem | bahen
im (with, together with):
iti | itkha | itakh | ito | ita | itanu | itkhem | itkhen | itam | itan
et (for direct-object pronoun):
oti | otkha | otakh | oto | ota | otanu | etkhem | etkhen | otam | otan
al (on, about):
alai | alekha | alayikh | alav | aleha | aleinu | aleikhem | aleikhen | aleihem | aleihen
mi- (from, out of):
mimmeni | mimmekha | mimmekh | mimmenu | mimmena | me-itanu | mikem | miken | mehem | mehen
mul (opposite):
muli | mulkha | mulekh | mulo | mula | mulenu | mulkhem | mulkhen | mulam | mulan
lifnei (before, in front of):
lefanai | lefanekha | lefanayikh | lefanav | lefaneha | lefaneinu | lifneikhem | lifneikhen | lifneihem | lifneihen
acharei (after, behind):
acharai | acharekha | acharayikh | acharav | achareha | achareinu | achareikhem | achareikhen | achareihem | achareihen
shel (mine / yours / …): brief recap of L18, suffixes as in le-:
sheli | shelkha | shelakh | shelo | shela | shelanu | shelakhem | shelakhen | shelahem | shelahen
TRAPS:
- lo (לוֹ, "to him") vs. lo (לֹא, "no"). Sound the same, written differently.
- im (עִם, "with") vs. im (אִם, "if"). Same.
- et: for pronouns it is MANDATORY — a pronoun is definite.
"I saw him" = ra'iti oto. NOT "ra'iti et hu".
- mimmenu = "from him" AND "from us". Tell by context;
in colloquial speech "from us" is often = me-itanu.
HOW TO LEARN:
- Say it through all 10 persons, like a language scale.
- le- and shel paradigms are virtually identical (same suffixes).
- Once you've learned le- and al — the rest are 70–80% guessable.
Next up: Lesson 16 — Binyan Nif'al (present and past). The passive or middle partner of Pa'al: nikhnas "enters" (literally "becomes-entered"), nish'ar "remains", nolad "is born", nifgash "meets". The sixth binyan on your map — after Pa'al, Pi'el, Hif'il, and the brief introduction in L7.
Next up: Lesson 16 — Binyan Nif'al (present and past). The passive or middle partner of Pa'al: nikhnas "enters" (literally "becomes-entered"), nish'ar "remains", nolad "is born", nifgash "meets". The sixth binyan on your map — after Pa'al, Pi'el, Hif'il, and the brief introduction in L7.