Урок 24: Present Perfect Continuous. Длящаяся активность до сейчас · English

Как работать с этим уроком

Прочитай Часть 1 — это сочетание перфекта (L21) и continuous (L23). Если оба отдельно ясны — поймёшь сразу.
Запомни контраст с Present Perfect — обычный перфект говорит про результат, continuous — про процесс.
Прогони матрицу с for, since, all morning, lately.
Запомни три типичных вопроса: How long have you been doing…?, What have you been doing?, и «Why are you…?» → «Because I've been…»

Это «время рассказа о своих усилиях». Носитель использует его, когда хочет подчеркнуть активность и её длительность, а не просто факт.

Часть 1: Что такое Present Perfect Continuous

Соединение двух идей, которые ты уже знаешь:

Present Perfect (L21): связь действия с СЕЙЧАС. Continuous (L11, L23): фокус на ПРОЦЕССЕ.

Вместе: активность, которая началась в прошлом, длилась, и либо ещё идёт сейчас, либо только что закончилась — и важен сам процесс, не результат.

Форма:

have / has + been + verb-ing

Лицо	have/has + been + ing
I	have been working
you	have been working
he / she / it	has been working
we	have been working
they	have been working

Сокращения: I've been working, she's been waiting, they've been studying.

Отрицание: haven't been / hasn't been. Вопрос: Have you been waiting?, How long has she been working here?

Часть 2: Два типичных употребления

Тип A: Действие началось и продолжается до сих пор

I have been studying English for ten years. — Я учу английский десять лет (и сейчас учу). She has been working here since 2020. — Она работает тут с 2020 (и сейчас работает). It has been raining all morning. — Дождь идёт всё утро (и сейчас идёт). We have been waiting for an hour. — Мы ждём уже час (и всё ещё ждём).

Используем те же for и since, что и с Present Perfect (L22).

Контраст с Present Perfect: I have read three books. — Я прочитал три книги (результат, факт). I have been reading for three hours. — Я читаю уже три часа (процесс, длительность).

Тип B: Действие только что закончилось — следы видны сейчас

I'm tired — I've been working all day. — Я устал — я работал весь день. Her eyes are red. She has been crying. — У неё красные глаза. Она плакала. You're wet! Have you been swimming? — Ты мокрый! Ты что, плавал? Sorry I'm late — I've been waiting for the bus. — Извини за опоздание — я ждал автобус.

Хак: если у действия есть видимое последствие прямо сейчас, и хочешь подчеркнуть «что я делал в последнее время» — это Present Perfect Continuous.

Часть 3: Главный контраст — Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous

Это критическая пара. Различаются фокусом:

Present Perfect (result)	Present Perfect Continuous (process / duration)
I have written three letters. — Написал три (сколько)	I have been writing letters all morning. — Писал всё утро (как долго)
She has cleaned the house. — Убрала (готово)	She has been cleaning the house. — Убиралась (была занята уборкой)
I've read this book twice. — Прочитал дважды (сколько раз)	I've been reading this book for a week. — Читаю неделю (как долго, всё ещё читаю)
We've painted the kitchen. — Покрасили (готово)	We've been painting the kitchen. — Красили (отсюда пятна на руках)
He has lived here for ten years. — Жил/живёт 10 лет (нейтрально)	He has been living here for ten years. — Тоже самое, но с акцентом на «всё время живёт»

Когда выбрать какое — три эвристики:

1. Если есть число, количество, «сколько» (раз / штук) → Present Perfect: I have read three books this week. She has called me five times.

2. Если важна длительность, «как долго» → Present Perfect Continuous: I have been reading for three hours. She has been calling all day.

3. Если важен видимый сейчас результат → Present Perfect; если виден процесс → Continuous: I have washed the car. (вот она, чистая) I have been washing the car. (вот я, мокрый)

Stative verbs (см. L23): know, love, want, have (= иметь), be и т.д. — не используются в Continuous, даже здесь: ✗ I have been knowing him for ten years ✓ I have known him for ten years. — Present Perfect, не Continuous. С глаголами live, work, study, teach допустимы обе формы почти без разницы: I've lived / I've been living here for ten years.

Часть 4: Маркеры Present Perfect Continuous

Маркер	Пример
for + длительность	for two hours / for a week
since + точка	since this morning / since Monday
all morning / all day / all week	I've been working all day.
How long…?	How long have you been waiting?
lately / recently	I've been feeling tired lately.
these days	What have you been doing these days?

Заметь: lately и recently работают и с Present Perfect, и с Present Perfect Continuous — выбор по фокусу (результат vs процесс).

Часть 5: Типичные ситуации

Ситуация 1: «Почему ты выглядишь / чувствуешь себя так?»

You look tired. — I've been working all night. Why are your hands so dirty? — I've been gardening. Why is the kitchen wet? — I've been washing the floor.

Ситуация 2: «Извини за…»

Sorry I'm late — I've been waiting for the bus for half an hour. Sorry, I didn't hear you — I've been listening to music with headphones.

Ситуация 3: «Сколько времени ты уже…?»

How long have you been learning English? How long has she been living here? How long have they been married? — Заметь: be married — стативно → Present Perfect: They have been married for ten years.

Ситуация 4: Рассказ о хобби / новостях

I've been thinking about my future a lot lately. She's been training for the marathon since January. We've been planning a trip to Spain.

Словарь урока

🔊 Выучи словаОткроет словарь урока во внешнем приложении: карточки со звуком, поиск, заметки.

to wait
ждать
to study
учиться
to learn
учить
to teach
преподавать
to work
работать
to live
жить
to read
читать
to write
писать
to play
играть
to practise
практиковать
to train
тренироваться
to run
бегать
to swim
плавать
to drive
ехать (за рулём)
to cook
готовить
to clean
убирать
to paint
красить
to plan
планировать
to think about
думать о
to talk to
разговаривать с
to look for
искать
for + период
в течение
since + момент
с
all morning / all day / all week
всё утро / весь день / всю неделю
the whole time
всё это время
How long…?
Как долго…?
lately / recently
в последнее время
these days
эти дни, в эти дни
so far
до сих пор
non-stop
без остановки
for ages
целую вечность
for a while
какое-то время
still
всё ещё
tired
усталый
wet
мокрый
dirty
грязный
sweaty
потный
out of breath
задыхающийся
covered in paint
в краске
red eyes
красные глаза
messy hair
растрёпанные волосы

Немецкий	Перевод
to wait	ждать
to study	учиться
to learn	учить
to teach	преподавать
to work	работать
to live	жить
to read	читать
to write	писать
to play	играть
to practise	практиковать
to train	тренироваться
to run	бегать
to swim	плавать
to drive	ехать (за рулём)
to cook	готовить
to clean	убирать
to paint	красить
to plan	планировать
to think about	думать о
to talk to	разговаривать с
to look for	искать
for + период	в течение
since + момент	с
all morning / all day / all week	всё утро / весь день / всю неделю
the whole time	всё это время
How long…?	Как долго…?
lately / recently	в последнее время
these days	эти дни, в эти дни
so far	до сих пор
non-stop	без остановки
for ages	целую вечность
for a while	какое-то время
still	всё ещё
tired	усталый
wet	мокрый
dirty	грязный
sweaty	потный
out of breath	задыхающийся
covered in paint	в краске
red eyes	красные глаза
messy hair	растрёпанные волосы

Полный словарь

557 записей

Прочитай задание, введи ответ по-английски и нажми «Проверить». Сначала идёт локальная проверка; в сложных случаях запрашиваем подсказку у Claude. Прогресс сохраняется автоматически.

🔊 УпражненияОткроет ответы упражнений во внешнем приложении — изучай со звуком и пословным разбором.

Упражнение 1. Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous?

Выбери правильную форму:

1.I ___ (read) this book for two weeks, but I haven't finished it yet.

2.She ___ (read) the book — she gave it back to me yesterday.

3.We ___ (live) here for ten years.

4.How many letters ___ you ___ (write) today?

5.How long ___ you ___ (write) letters?

6.He's tired because he ___ (work) all day.

7.He has finally finished — he ___ (work) on this project for three months.

8.I ___ (know) her since we were children.

9.They ___ (paint) the kitchen. Look at the new colour!

10.They ___ (paint) the kitchen all weekend.

Упражнение 2. Создай вопросы «How long…?»

Преврати в вопрос с How long…?

1.<say>I am learning Spanish.</say>

2.<say>She lives in this city.</say>

3.<say>They are waiting for the bus.</say>

4.<say>He works at this company.</say>

5.<say>I am reading this book.</say>

Упражнение 3. Объясни через «I've been …»

Объясни ситуацию через Present Perfect Continuous:

1.У меня болят глаза. (читать весь день)

2.Я очень устал. (работать с утра)

3.Мои руки в краске. (красить забор)

4.Извини, я промокла. (бежать под дождём)

5.У него грязные ботинки. (гулять в парке)

Упражнение 4. Переведи на английский

1.Я учу английский пять лет.

2.Она ждёт автобус уже полчаса.

3.Сколько времени ты живёшь в Москве?

4.Я устал — я работал всю ночь.

5.У неё красные глаза — она плакала.

6.Дождь идёт со вчерашнего вечера.

7.Что ты делал в последнее время?

8.Я думал о тебе всё утро.

9.Они тренируются для марафона с января.

10.Извини, что опоздал — я искал ключи полчаса.

Упражнение 5. Расскажи о своих усилиях

Напиши 5–6 предложений о том, что ты делал в последнее время — для работы, для здоровья, для учёбы. Все — в Present Perfect Continuous.

Свободное упражнение — без автопроверки. Проговори ответы вслух и иди дальше.

Упражнение 6. Read aloud — «как ты?»

Прочитай вслух, выделяя сокращения и связки been + ing:

How have you been? I've been busy lately. I've been working on a new project. I've been getting home late every evening. I've been sleeping badly. My wife has been complaining. The kids have been asking when I'll be home more. But the project is almost done. I've been telling myself: just one more week.

Свободное упражнение — без автопроверки. Проговори ответы вслух и иди дальше.

Нужно ещё практики? Claude составит новое упражнение из 10 заданий по словарю и теме урока.

Сгенерировано: 0 из 5

Тексты для аудирования

Три варианта на каждый урок. Открой в glottos.com для аудио с синхронизацией.

Текст A

Текст к уроку 24: Present Perfect Continuous

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

How have you been? I haven't seen you for a while.
I've been very busy lately.
I've been working on a big project at the office.
I've been getting home very late every evening.
I've been sleeping only six hours a night.
I've been drinking too much coffee.
My wife has been complaining about my hours.
The kids have been asking when I'll come home earlier.
But the project is almost finished.
I've been telling myself: just one more week.
What about you? How have you been spending your time?
I've been studying for an exam.
I've been reading the same books for a month.
I've been taking notes every evening.
My head has been hurting from all the studying.
But I've been feeling more confident lately.
I think I'm ready for the test.
Has the weather been good in your city?
No, it's been raining for two weeks.
I haven't been going out much.
I've been watching films at home.
I've been cooking more than usual.
I've been learning new recipes online.
The dog has been getting bored without long walks.
He's been sitting by the window for hours.
He's been watching the rain like a sad film.
We have been waiting for the sun to come back.
Tomorrow the forecast is good, finally.
I've been planning a long walk with the dog.
I've been looking forward to it all week.

Текст B

Текст к уроку 24: Present Perfect Continuous

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

I have been training for a marathon since January.
I have been running five times a week.
I have been waking up at five in the morning.
I have been eating much healthier than before.
I haven't been drinking alcohol for three months.
My coach has been helping me a lot.
He has been giving me a new plan every week.
He has been recording all my times.
My family has been supporting me.
They have been cooking healthy dinners.
My wife has been running with me on weekends.
The kids have been making posters for the race.
We have been thinking about this for years.
But this year I have finally been doing it.
The race is next month.
I have been getting faster every week.
I have been feeling stronger than ever.
My legs have been hurting sometimes.
But my doctor has been checking everything.
He has been telling me I am healthy.
I have been reading books about runners.
I have been watching marathons online.
I have been learning a lot about my body.
I have been understanding myself better.
Friends have been asking how I do it.
I have been answering: one step at a time.
They have been getting interested too.
Two of them have been joining my morning runs.
We have been pushing each other.
We have been becoming a small running group.

Текст C

Текст к уроку 24: Present Perfect Continuous

🔊 Аудио-практика ↗

We have been renovating our flat since March.
The workers have been coming every day except Sunday.
They have been making a lot of noise.
They have been drilling through the walls.
They have been carrying heavy materials up the stairs.
Our neighbours have been complaining politely.
We have been apologising every week.
The dust has been getting into everything.
I have been cleaning the same shelves three times a day.
My wife has been losing patience with the workers.
They have been promising to finish soon.
But they have been finding new problems.
They have been changing the plan twice already.
The bathroom has been waiting for new tiles.
The kitchen has been missing a sink for two weeks.
We have been washing dishes in the bathtub.
We have been cooking with one electric pan.
The kids have been eating pizza too often.
They have been enjoying it actually.
But I have been missing real home food.
The painters have been working in the living room.
They have been choosing colours with my wife.
They have been showing her samples every day.
She has been changing her mind constantly.
Now she has been wanting a calm green.
The painters have been smiling patiently.
Tomorrow they are starting with the walls.
By next week the room will be ready.
I have been counting the days until the end of the project.
We have been dreaming of a normal evening at home.

Аудио воспроизводится в glottos.com — открывается в новой вкладке.

Тренировка рта

Главный принцип: 95% — это тренировка рта. Читай каждую строку вслух. Не просто смотри — говори.

Language scales

Scale 1 — wait + for

I have been waiting for an hour. You have been waiting for an hour. He has been waiting for an hour. She has been waiting for an hour. We have been waiting for an hour. They have been waiting for an hour.

Scale 2 — study + since

I have been studying English since 2018. You have been studying English since 2018. He has been studying English since 2018. She has been studying English since 2018. We have been studying English since 2018. They have been studying English since 2018.

Scale 3 — отрицание

I haven't been sleeping well lately. You haven't been sleeping well lately. He hasn't been sleeping well lately. She hasn't been sleeping well lately. We haven't been sleeping well lately. They haven't been sleeping well lately.

Scale 4 — вопрос «How long…?»

How long have I been waiting? How long have you been waiting? How long has he been waiting? How long has she been waiting? How long have we been waiting? How long have they been waiting?

Language matrix

Matrix 1 — How long…?

Question	Answer
How long have you been studying English?	I've been studying for six years.
How long has she been working here?	She's been working here since January.
How long have they been waiting?	They've been waiting for half an hour.
How long has it been raining?	It's been raining since this morning.

Matrix 2 — Why are you…?

Question	Answer
Why are you so tired?	Because I've been working all night.
Why is your shirt wet?	Because I've been washing the car.
Why are your eyes red?	Because I've been crying.
Why is the kitchen messy?	Because I've been cooking all afternoon.

Matrix 3 — Perfect vs Perfect Continuous

Result (Perfect)	Process (Perfect Continuous)
I've written three emails.	I've been writing emails all day.
She has read the book.	She has been reading the book.
We've painted the kitchen.	We've been painting the kitchen.
I've called him twice.	I've been trying to call him for an hour.

ФОРМА:
  have / has + been + verb-ing
  I've been working      she's been waiting
  haven't been sleeping  Have you been crying?

ДВА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ:

A. Действие началось и ПРОДОЛЖАЕТСЯ ДО СИХ ПОР:
   I've been studying English for six years.   (всё ещё учу)
   She's been working here since 2020.         (всё ещё работает)
   It's been raining all morning.              (всё ещё льёт)

B. Действие ТОЛЬКО ЧТО ЗАКОНЧИЛОСЬ — следы видны:
   I'm tired — I've been working all night.
   Your eyes are red — have you been crying?
   You're wet! Have you been swimming?

КОНТРАСТ С PRESENT PERFECT:
  Perfect — РЕЗУЛЬТАТ, факт, СКОЛЬКО:
    I've written three letters.
    She has read the book.

  Perfect Continuous — ПРОЦЕСС, длительность, КАК ДОЛГО:
    I've been writing all morning.
    She's been reading for an hour.

ЭВРИСТИКИ ВЫБОРА:
  Сколько штук / раз?  →  Perfect
  Как долго?           →  Perfect Continuous
  Видимый результат?   →  Perfect
  Видимый процесс?     →  Perfect Continuous

STATIVE VERBS — ТОЛЬКО PERFECT (нельзя Continuous):
  know, love, want, hate, like, need, prefer
  have (=иметь), own, belong
  see, hear, understand, remember
  ✗ I've been knowing him   ✓ I've known him

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ — почти одно и то же:
  live, work, study, teach — допускают обе формы
  I've lived here / I've been living here — оба ОК

МАРКЕРЫ:
  for + период        for two hours, for ages
  since + момент      since 2020, since Monday
  all morning / day / week
  How long…?
  lately / recently / these days

ТИПИЧНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ:
  How long have you been doing X?
  What have you been doing (lately)?
  Why are you / look so X? — Because I've been ...ing.

Следующий шаг: Урок 25 — Past Perfect. «Прошедшее до прошлого» — для последовательности двух событий в прошлом. had + past participle. Возвращаемся в нарратив, теперь с третьим временем.

Следующий урок:Урок 25: Past Perfect. Прошлое до прошлого