Lektion 30: Zusammenhängender mehrteiliger Text auf B1-Niveau · English

Wie du mit dieser Lektion arbeitest

Lies einen kurzen erklärenden Text zur Absatzstruktur und zu logischen Konnektoren (10 Minuten).
Sprich laut die Beispiele — achte auf die Intonation langer Sätze.
Produziere — gehe von einem Satz zu zwei, dann zu drei, dann zu einem Absatz. Die Schlussübung ist ein eigener Text aus 3 Absätzen.

Das ist die letzte Lektion von Block 3. Es gibt keine neue Grammatik: du kennst alles schon — alle 12 Zeiten (Lektion 27), Relativsätze (Lektion 28), die komplexe Nominalphrase mit Artikeln (Lektion 29). Heute setzt du das zu einem zusammenhängenden Text zusammen: Erzählung, Beschreibung, Überlegung.

Teil 1: Was einen Text zusammenhängend macht

Ein zusammenhängender Text ist nicht „viele Sätze hintereinander". Es ist eine Folge von Sätzen, die durch Sinn und Form verbunden sind. Deutsch und Englisch haben dieselben drei Ebenen des Zusammenhangs:

Logische Verknüpfung — jeder nächste Satz führt den Gedanken des vorherigen weiter.
Thematische Wiederholungen — dasselbe Substantiv, oder sein Pronomen / Synonym.
Konnektoren — however, therefore, moreover, while, on the other hand, for example.

Der Haupttest für Zusammenhang: streich einen Satz aus der Mitte — und es muss ein Loch entstehen. Ändert sich nichts, war der Satz überflüssig.

Teil 2: Absatzstruktur

Ein englischer Absatz ist klassisch aus drei Teilen aufgebaut:

Teil	Was	Wie viele Sätze
Topic sentence	Hauptgedanke des Absatzes	1
Supporting sentences	Details, Beispiele, Gründe	2–5
Concluding sentence (optional)	Schluss oder Übergang	1

Beispielabsatz

Reading is one of the most useful habits a person can develop. Books open the mind to ideas and experiences that real life rarely offers. They also improve vocabulary, concentration, and the ability to think clearly. For these reasons, I try to read at least thirty minutes every day.

Topic sentence: Reading is one of the most useful habits… (Hauptgedanke)
Supporting: Books open the mind… They also improve… (Details)
Concluding: For these reasons… (Schluss)

Mehrabsatztext

Jeder Absatz — ein Gedanke. Der nächste Absatz — der nächste Schritt im Argument / der nächste Teil der Geschichte. Zwischen den Absätzen — ein Übergangswort oder eine Übergangsphrase:

First / Second / Finally… On the other hand… Another important point is… Years later…

Teil 3: Konnektoren nach Funktion

Funktion	English	Deutsch
Hinzufügen	also, in addition, moreover, furthermore	auch, außerdem, darüber hinaus
Kontrast	however, but, on the other hand, although	jedoch, aber, andererseits, obwohl
Grund/Folge	because, therefore, so, as a result	weil, deshalb, also, infolgedessen
Beispiel	for example, for instance, such as	zum Beispiel
Zeit	then, after that, meanwhile, later	dann, danach, inzwischen, später
Zusammenfassung	in short, to sum up, in conclusion	kurz gesagt, zusammenfassend, abschließend
Präzisierung	in fact, actually, indeed	tatsächlich, eigentlich
Reihenfolge	first, second, then, finally	erstens, zweitens, dann, schließlich

Feinheit: however am Satzanfang, mit Komma: However, the weather changed. Although ist eine Unterordnungskonjunktion: Although it was raining, we went out.

Teil 4: Zeitenabstimmung in einem langen Text

In einem Absatz sollten alle Zeiten an einem zeitlichen Anker festhalten, sofern es keinen ausdrücklichen „Sprung" gibt.

Erzählung in der Vergangenheit

Basis — Past Simple. Drinnen: Past Continuous für den Hintergrund, Past Perfect für „Vergangenheit vor Vergangenheit".

Last Friday I went to a small concert. The hall was full, and the lights were dim. The band had already started when I arrived. I quickly found my seat, while the singer was greeting the audience. By the end of the evening, I had decided to come back next month.

Alle vier Vergangenheitsformen — in einem natürlichen Text: Past Simple (went, was, found), Past Continuous (was greeting), Past Perfect (had started, had decided).

Erzählung über Gegenwart / Allgemeines

Basis — Present Simple. Continuous für „gerade jetzt", Present Perfect für „bis zum aktuellen Moment".

I live in a small town in the south of the country. The town is quiet, and life here moves slowly. I have lived here for almost ten years, and I know almost every street. Right now I'm sitting in my favourite café, where I usually write in the mornings.

Prognose / Zukunftsplan

Basis — will / be going to, plus Present Continuous für Verabredungen.

Next month I'm starting a new course. The course will last six months. By the end of it, I will have learned the basics of web design. After that, I'm going to look for a junior position. I think it will be a difficult but exciting year.

Teil 5: Ein langes Beispiel — drei Absätze

Lies und beobachte, wie zusammenwirken: Zeiten, Nebensätze, Artikel, Konnektoren.

I have always loved old cities. There is something in the narrow streets, the worn stones, and the quiet courtyards that modern cities can never offer. The first time I visited Prague, I was only nineteen, and I remember standing on the Charles Bridge as the sun was setting behind the castle. By the time I returned to my hotel that evening, I had walked for almost six hours.

Since then, I have visited many ancient cities. Some, like Rome and Athens, are full of tourists and noise. Others, which are less famous, keep a quieter beauty. For example, in the small towns of central Italy, you can walk for an hour without meeting anyone, and almost every wall has a history that is hundreds of years old.

This year I'm planning a trip to a town I have never been to before. The town, whose name I won't reveal, is supposed to be one of the oldest in Europe. By the end of the summer, I will have visited it for the first time. I am sure that, like all the other places I love, it will give me something I cannot find anywhere else: a feeling of slow, patient time.

Was darin steckt:

Zeiten: Present Simple (love, is, can never offer), Past Simple (visited, was, remember, returned), Past Continuous (was setting), Past Perfect (had walked), Present Perfect (have visited), Present Continuous ('m planning), Future Perfect (will have visited).
Nebensätze: that modern cities can never offer, which are less famous, that is hundreds of years old, whose name I won't reveal, that I cannot find anywhere else.
Artikel: the narrow streets, the worn stones, the quiet courtyards (bestimmt), a town, a feeling (neu), Prague, Rome, Athens, Europe (ohne Artikel, Eigennamen), modern cities, ancient cities, tourists, noise, history, time (generisch/abstrakt — ohne Artikel).
Konnektoren: Since then, Some… Others, For example, This year.

Teil 6: Checkliste für deinen eigenen Text

Vor der Abgabe eines eigenen Absatzes prüfe:

Topic sentence: gibt es einen ersten Satz, der den Gedanken formuliert?
Konnektoren: gibt es zwischen den Sätzen einen Übergang oder eine klare Verknüpfung?
Zeiten: hält sich ein zeitlicher „Anker" (Vergangenheit / Gegenwart / Zukunft) durch?
Artikel: a für die erste Erwähnung, the für die wiederholte / eindeutige, nichts bei Abstraktem und Generischem.
Nebensätze: mindestens ein who/which/that? Zu kurze Sätze zusammenkleben, lange aufteilen.
Sauberkeit: keine „Deutschismen" — for to do, the love is, I a teacher?

Wortschatz dieser Lektion

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also
auch
moreover
darüber hinaus
in addition
außerdem
however
jedoch
although
obwohl
on the other hand
andererseits
while
während
despite
trotz
because
weil
since
da
therefore
deshalb
so
also
as a result
infolgedessen
for this reason
aus diesem Grund
first
zuerst, erstens
then
dann
after that
danach
meanwhile
inzwischen
finally
schließlich
by the time
bis zu dem Moment
since then
seitdem
for example
zum Beispiel
in fact
tatsächlich
in short
kurz gesagt
to sum up
zusammenfassend
in conclusion
abschließend
generally speaking
allgemein gesprochen
strictly speaking
streng genommen
at first
anfangs

Französisch	Übersetzung
also	auch
moreover	darüber hinaus
in addition	außerdem
however	jedoch
although	obwohl
on the other hand	andererseits
while	während
despite	trotz
because	weil
since	da
therefore	deshalb
so	also
as a result	infolgedessen
for this reason	aus diesem Grund
first	zuerst, erstens
then	dann
after that	danach
meanwhile	inzwischen
finally	schließlich
by the time	bis zu dem Moment
since then	seitdem
for example	zum Beispiel
in fact	tatsächlich
in short	kurz gesagt
to sum up	zusammenfassend
in conclusion	abschließend
generally speaking	allgemein gesprochen
strictly speaking	streng genommen
at first	anfangs

Vollständiges Wörterbuch

1,848 Einträge

Aufgabe lesen, Antwort auf Englisch eintippen und auf Prüfen klicken. Jede Antwort wird zuerst lokal geprüft; in kniffligen Fällen gibt Claude einen Hinweis. Der Fortschritt wird automatisch gespeichert.

🔊 ÜbungenÖffnet die Übungsantworten in der externen App — mit Audio und Wort-für-Wort-Analyse.

Übung 1. Verbinde mit einem passenden Konnektor

Verbinde zwei Sätze über however, because, although, so, therefore, moreover. Mehrere richtige Lösungen sind möglich.

1.<say>The film was long. It was interesting.</say>

2.<say>She studied hard. She passed the exam.</say>

3.<say>I love coffee. I rarely drink it after six.</say>

4.<say>He is busy. He always has time for his family.</say>

5.<say>The road was closed. We took a different way.</say>

Übung 2. Verbinde zu einem Satz über einen Nebensatz

1.<say>I have a sister. She lives in Paris.</say>

2.<say>This is the restaurant. We had dinner there last week.</say>

3.<say>I read the book. You gave it to me.</say>

4.<say>That's the man. His son is a famous musician.</say>

5.<say>The car was expensive. He bought it yesterday.</say>

Übung 3. Schreib den Absatz mit den richtigen Zeiten

Übung 4. Schreib einen eigenen Absatz (60–80 Wörter)

Schreib einen Absatz zu einem dieser Themen:

Die Stadt, in der du wohnst.
Das wichtigste Buch deines Lebens.
Dein typischer Arbeitstag.
Deine nächste Reise.

Anforderungen: mindestens drei verschiedene Zeiten, mindestens ein Relativsatz, mindestens zwei Konnektoren, korrekte Artikel bei abstrakten Substantiven.

Offene Übung — keine automatische Prüfung. Sag die Antworten laut und mach weiter.

Übung 5. Lies laut

Lies den Absatz laut mit der richtigen Intonation und Pausen. Besonders — an den Kommas der non-defining Nebensätze.

My grandfather, who was born in 1925, used to tell me stories about his youth. The stories, which I have never forgotten, were full of small details that brought the past to life. He had grown up in a tiny village where almost everyone was a relative. By the time he was twenty, he had moved to the capital, and the rest of his life is another long story.

Hinweise

Pausen nach den Kommas der non-defining: My grandfather, [Pause] who was born in 1925, [Pause] used to tell…
Die Verbindung had grown up und had moved — Past Perfect (vor used to tell).
He had moved to the capital — Past Perfect → vor by the time he was twenty.

Offene Übung — keine automatische Prüfung. Sag die Antworten laut und mach weiter.

Mehr Übung gewünscht? Claude erstellt aus Wortschatz und Thema dieser Lektion eine frische Übung mit 10 Aufgaben.

Erstellt: 0 von 5

Hörtexte

Drei Textvarianten pro Lektion. In glottos.com öffnen für synchrone Audiowiedergabe.

Text A

Hörtext zu Lektion 30: My city

🔊 Audio-Praxis ↗

I live in a small city in the south of the country.
The city, which is over four hundred years old, has about two hundred thousand people.
It is famous for its narrow streets and its quiet parks.
Many tourists come here every summer.
They come mainly to see the old cathedral, which was built in the seventeenth century.
The cathedral is the heart of the old town.
I have lived here for almost twelve years.
I moved here after I finished university.
At first, I didn't know anyone in the city.
However, the people I met at work soon became my close friends.
The colleague who showed me around in those first weeks is now one of my best friends.
We often meet in the small café where we had our first lunch together.
The café, which is run by an old Italian couple, makes the best coffee in town.
Their son, whose name is Marco, took over the kitchen two years ago.
The food he cooks is simple but wonderful.
Although the city is small, there is always something to do.
In summer, the parks are full of families and street musicians.
In winter, the small theatre near the river offers excellent plays.
The river, which crosses the city from east to west, is one of my favourite places.
I often walk along it on Sunday mornings.
Last year, the city built a new bridge over the river.
The bridge, which is made of dark steel and light wood, has quickly become a symbol of the modern city.
People who pass it every day rarely think about its design.
But tourists usually stop to take photographs.
By the end of this year, the city will have completed three more public projects.
Next month I am moving to a new flat near the river.
The flat, which has a small balcony, looks out onto a quiet courtyard.
I am going to plant flowers there in the spring.
I love this city, and I cannot imagine living anywhere else.
In short, it is the place where I feel truly at home.

Text B

Hörtext zu Lektion 30: My career so far

🔊 Audio-Praxis ↗

My career has been long and full of unexpected turns.
After I finished school, I went to university to study chemistry.
At that time, I wanted to become a researcher.
The professor who taught us organic chemistry was the most inspiring teacher I had ever met.
He had worked in three different countries before he came to our university.
The stories he told us made science seem like a great adventure.
However, by the end of my second year, I had started to doubt my choice.
I realised that I preferred working with people rather than with substances.
Therefore, I decided to change my path.
I left the chemistry programme and started studying economics.
The transition was difficult, but I never regretted it.
While I was studying economics, I worked part-time in a small bookshop.
The owner, whose name was Mrs Petersen, became a kind of second mother to me.
She had run the shop for over thirty years.
From her I learned more about business than from any textbook.
After I graduated, I joined a small consulting firm in the city centre.
The firm, which had only ten employees at that time, has grown enormously since then.
I have worked there for eleven years.
In addition, I have travelled to twenty countries on business.
Some of the projects I have led were extremely challenging.
For example, last year we helped a struggling factory in the north of the country.
The factory, which employs over five hundred people, was almost bankrupt when we arrived.
By the time we finished our work, the company had returned to profit.
Moreover, the staff had developed new skills that will serve them for years.
This year I am leading a team of twelve consultants.
We are working on a complex project for a national bank.
By the end of next month, we will have presented our final report.
After that, I am going to take a long holiday.
I plan to travel through Asia for six weeks.
In short, my career has taught me one thing: never be afraid to change direction.

Text C

Hörtext zu Lektion 30: A letter from a long journey

🔊 Audio-Praxis ↗

Dear Anna, I am finally writing to you from a small town in northern Spain.
I have been travelling for almost three weeks.
By the time I get back home, I will have visited eleven cities.
The trip has already changed me more than I expected.
I left Berlin on the fifth of June.
The plane that took me to Madrid was almost empty.
I remember sitting by the window as we were flying over the mountains.
By the time I arrived in Madrid, I had not slept for almost twenty hours.
However, the energy of the city woke me up immediately.
I spent four days in Madrid, where I walked from morning until late at night.
The museum that impressed me most was the Prado.
I had read about its paintings for years, but seeing them was something else entirely.
After Madrid, I took a slow train to the south.
The train, which crossed dry yellow plains for hours, gave me time to think.
In Seville, I met a young French woman whose name was Camille.
She had been travelling for two months and knew Spain better than most Spaniards.
We spent three days exploring narrow streets that smelled of orange blossom.
Although we have known each other for only ten days, we are now real friends.
We will probably meet again in Paris next year.
Now I am in a small fishing village whose name I cannot even pronounce.
The houses are white, the sea is wild, and the food is simple.
The family who runs my small hotel makes me feel like a long-lost relative.
Their grandmother, who is ninety years old, has lived in this village all her life.
She tells me stories about a Spain that does not exist anymore.
In a few days, I am taking a ferry to a small island where I have never been.
By the end of the trip, I will have travelled by plane, train, bus, ferry and on foot.
I am going to write a long article about everything I have seen.
The article, which I am already planning in my head, will probably take months to finish.
I hope you are well, and I hope we will see each other very soon after I return.
With love and many photos to share, your old friend, Mark.

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Sprachtonleiter

🔊 Audio-Praxis

Sprachtonleiter 1 — Gedanken hinzufügen

Reading is useful. Moreover, it improves vocabulary.
Travel is exciting. In addition, it broadens the mind.
She studies hard. Also, she helps others.
The film was long. However, it was very interesting.
We were tired. Nevertheless, we kept walking.

Sprachtonleiter 2 — Grund und Folge

It was raining, so we stayed home.
I missed the bus because I left late.
She studied hard; therefore, she passed the exam.
We had no time. As a result, we postponed the trip.

Sprachtonleiter 3 — Reihenfolge

First, I had breakfast. Then I went to work.
After that, I had lunch with a friend.
Meanwhile, my colleagues finished the report.
Finally, in the evening, we relaxed at home.

Sprachmatrix

Sprachmatrix 1 — Kurze in lange umwandeln

Kurz	Erweitert
I like books. They are useful.	I like books because they are useful.
It was raining. We went out.	Although it was raining, we went out.
She is tired. She keeps working.	She is tired; however, she keeps working.
I went to Rome. I had never been there.	I went to Rome, where I had never been before.

Sprachmatrix 2 — Verbindung durch Nebensatz

Zwei Sätze	Einer über Nebensatz
I have a friend. He lives in Berlin.	I have a friend who lives in Berlin.
This is the book. I told you about it.	This is the book (that) I told you about.
That's the village. We grew up there.	That's the village where we grew up.

ABSATZSTRUKTUR (englischer Standard):
  1. Topic sentence   — ein Hauptgedanke
  2. Supporting       — 2-5 Sätze mit Details
  3. Concluding       — Schluss oder Übergang

MEHRABSATZTEXT:
  Ein Absatz — ein Gedanke.
  Zwischen Absätzen — Übergangswort/-phrase.

DREI EBENEN DES ZUSAMMENHANGS:
  1. Logik — jeder Satz führt den Gedanken weiter
  2. Thematische Wiederholungen — er / sie / derselbe Gegenstand
  3. Konnektoren — however, therefore, for example…

KONNEKTOREN NACH FUNKTION:
  + hinzufügen:   also, moreover, in addition
  ≠ Kontrast:     however, but, on the other hand, although
  → Grund:        because, since, as
  ⇒ Folge:        therefore, so, as a result
  ► Beispiel:     for example, for instance, such as
  ⏰ Zeit:        then, after that, meanwhile, finally
  ☐ Zusammenf.:   in short, to sum up, in conclusion

PRÜFUNG DER ZEITEN IM TEXT:
  wähle die Basis:
    Vergangenheit — Past Simple, + Past Continuous (Hintergrund),
                  + Past Perfect (früher)
    Gegenwart  — Present Simple, + Present Continuous (jetzt),
                  + Present Perfect (bis zum Moment)
    Zukunft   — will / be going to, + Present Continuous
                  (Verabredungen), + Future Perfect (bis Moment)

PRÜFUNG DER ARTIKEL IM TEXT:
  a/an  — erste Erwähnung, einer von vielen
  the   — wiederholt / einzig / mit definierendem Nebensatz
  kein  — generisches Plural, unzählbar generisch,
          abstrakt allgemein, Eigennamen

CHECKLISTE FÜR EIGENEN TEXT:
  ☐ Gibt es einen topic sentence?
  ☐ Zwischen Sätzen Verknüpfung / Konnektor?
  ☐ Halten sich die Zeiten an eine Basis?
  ☐ Artikel korrekt?
  ☐ Mindestens ein Nebensatz (who/which/that)?
  ☐ Keine Deutschismen (the love, I a teacher, for to do)?

DAS IST DER GIPFEL VON BLOCK 3 — B1-NIVEAU. Du kannst jetzt: in allen 12 Zeiten sprechen, Relativsätze bauen, komplexe Nominalphrasen formen, zusammenhängende Absätze schreiben. Das ist die Hälfte des Weges zu C1.

Nächster Schritt: Block 4 — Konditionalsätze, Passiv, indirekte Rede und komplexe Syntax. Lektion 31 — der erste und nullte Konditionalsatz.

Nächste Lektion:Lektion 31: Konditionalsätze 1 — Null und Erster Typ