Lesson 12: Imperative mood (commands)

Vocabulary: At the doctor's

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+3%A2+1%
GrammarA1+5%A2+1%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — understand the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every form
  4. Speed up — run the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

You can already build statements and negations. Now you'll learn to give orders. The doctor says: "Open your mouth!" Mom says: "Eat your soup!" That's Imperativ — short, direct, no ceremony. English is dead simple here ("Go!", "Eat!"). German has three flavors because it still distinguishes "you", "you all", and "you-formal". One verb, three commands.


Part 1: What Imperativ is

Imperativ = a command, a request, a piece of advice. Three audiences, three forms:

Who you're talking toFormExample
du (friend, child)Mach!Mach das Fenster auf!
ihr (group of friends)Macht!Macht die Bücher auf!
Sie (doctor, stranger)Machen Sie!Machen Sie den Mund auf!

Rule of thumb: the closer the person, the shorter the command.


Part 2: The "du" form — chop off -st, ditch "du"

The main principle:

Du machst → Mach! Drop the -st ending. Drop the pronoun du. Done.

Present tenseImperativ (du)
du lernstLern!
du kommstKomm!
du trinkstTrink!
du öffnestÖffne!

Verbs ending in -ten, -den, -nen keep the -e: Warte! Öffne! Rechne!


Part 3: The stem-change trick

Here are two rules, and they pull in opposite directions. Burn them in:

Rule 1: e → i / ie — KEEP the change

Infinitivedu-formImperativ
sprechendu sprichstSprich!
lesendu liestLies!
gebendu gibstGib!
nehmendu nimmstNimm!
essendu isstIss!

Rule 2: a → ä — DROP the change

Infinitivedu-formImperativ
fahrendu fährstFahr! (not Fähr!)
schlafendu schläfstSchlaf! (not Schläf!)
laufendu läufstLauf! (not Läuf!)

Trap! e → i/ie: change stays (Sprich! Lies!). a → ä: change disappears (Fahr! Schlaf!). Mix them up and you out yourself as a learner instantly.


Part 4: The "ihr" and "Sie" forms

"ihr" form — just like the normal conjugation

Zero thinking needed. Take the regular ihr-form and drop "ihr": Macht! Kommt! Sprecht! Fahrt!

"Sie" form — infinitive + Sie

The polite form. Infinitive + Sie. The pronoun stays: Machen Sie! Kommen Sie! Sprechen Sie!

Trap! In du and ihr forms the pronoun vanishes: Mach! Macht! But in the Sie form the pronoun stays: Machen Sie! Drop "Sie" and you've got an infinitive, not a command.


Part 5: Irregulars — sein and haben

These two are special. Just memorize:

duihrSie
seinSei ruhig!Seid ruhig!Seien Sie ruhig!
habenHab Geduld!Habt Geduld!Haben Sie Geduld!

"Sei" is the most common. Sei still! Sei vorsichtig! Sei pünktlich!


Next up: Lesson 13 — Time and duration: um, von...bis, seit. You'll learn to ask "What time?" and "Since when?" — and finally stop confusing "halb drei" with "half past three" (spoiler: it's NOT 3:30).

Lesson 12: Imperative mood (commands) · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix