Lesson 13: Time and duration (um, von...bis, seit)

Vocabulary: Times of day

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+4%A2+1%
GrammarA1+3%A2+2%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — understand the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every preposition
  4. Speed up — run the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

You already know Akkusativ, Dativ, and Imperativ. Now learn to talk about time — when you get up, what time work starts, how long lunch lasts. Without this you can't schedule a meeting or read a timetable.


Part 1: Telling time — two styles

German has two ways to say the time. The official one — like at the train station. The colloquial one — like in real life.

Official (24-hour clock):

DigitsGermanLogic
8:00acht Uhrhour + Uhr
14:30vierzehn Uhr dreißighour + Uhr + minutes
9:15neun Uhr fünfzehnhour + Uhr + minutes
22:45zweiundzwanzig Uhr fünfundvierzighour + Uhr + minutes

Dead simple. Hour, the word Uhr, minutes. Read as written.

Colloquial (12-hour clock):

DigitsGermanLiterally
8:00acht Uhreight o'clock
8:05fünf nach achtfive after eight
8:15Viertel nach achtquarter after eight
8:30halb neunhalf-to-NINE (see trap below!)
8:45Viertel vor neunquarter to nine
8:55fünf vor neunfive to nine

Two key words: nach = after, vor = before. English speakers actually have it easier here than Russians — "quarter past eight" and "quarter to nine" line up almost word-for-word with the German.

Cognate: halb = half. Sound shift: German b ↔ English f (halb/half, ab/off, ob/if). Once you see the pattern, you can crack a lot of German words from English.


Part 2: Trap number one — halb

halb drei = 2:30, NOT 3:30!

This is the trap everyone falls into. In English "half past two" = 2:30. In German "halb drei" = literally "halfway TO three" = 2:30.

halb = half of the NEXT hour. halb sechs = 5:30. halb eins = 12:30.

Run it through your head: halb zwei = 1:30. halb vier = 3:30. halb zwölf = 11:30. Unsure? Subtract one from the German number.


Part 3: Viertel vor / Viertel nach

TimeColloquialHow to remember
3:15Viertel nach dreiquarter AFTER three
3:45Viertel vor vierquarter TO four
7:15Viertel nach siebenquarter AFTER seven
7:45Viertel vor achtquarter TO eight

Three things:

  1. vor = before / to (heading to the next hour). Viertel vor acht = quarter to eight.
  2. nach = after / past. Viertel nach acht = quarter past eight.
  3. Viertel is capitalized — it's a noun (das Viertel = a quarter).

Trap! Zehn nach halb drei is NOT "ten after half past two" — it means 2:40. Some Germans actually say this. Don't panic. For tricky minutes, just use the official 24-hour style.


Part 4: Time prepositions — um, von...bis, seit, am, im

The main table of this lesson. Learn it — and you can describe any schedule.

PrepositionMeaningUse withExample
umat (exact clock time)hoursIch stehe um 7 Uhr auf
von...bisfrom...tohours, daysIch arbeite von 9 bis 17 Uhr
seitsince / for (started in past, still going)a moment in the pastIch lerne Deutsch seit Oktober
amon (day, time of day)days, Morgen/AbendAm Montag habe ich frei
imin (month, season)months, seasonsIm Winter ist es kalt

Four rules:

  1. um — only for clock time. Um acht Uhr. Um halb drei.
  2. am — for days of the week and times of day. Am Dienstag. Am Abend. Am Wochenende.
  3. im — for months and seasons. Im Januar. Im Sommer.
  4. seit — started in the past, continues now. Seit drei Jahren = "for three years" already.

Major trap for English speakers! German seit = English "since" AND "for", but you use it with present tense: "I've been living here for 5 years" → "Ich wohne hier seit 5 Jahren" — PRESENT, not perfect! "I've been learning German since January" → "Ich lerne Deutsch seit Januar" — PRESENT! English uses the perfect ("have been doing"); German just uses present + seit. Different mental wiring. Drill it.

Trap! um and am — don't mix them up. Um 8 Uhr = at eight o'clock (clock time). Am Abend = in the evening (time of day). Say "um Abend" and a German will correct you.


Next up: Lesson 14 — Days of the week, months, seasons. You'll see why Monday is literally "moon-day" in both German and English, and why German autumn (Herbst) is the same word as English "harvest". Cognate fest incoming.

Lesson 13: Time and duration (um, von...bis, seit) · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix