Lesson 28: Conditionnel présent — the "would" tense

Vocabulary: politeness, hypotheses, advice

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read — understand that conditionnel = futur stem + imparfait endings (3 minutes!)
  2. Run the matrix — every person of every irregular verb
  3. Drill the polite formulasje voudrais, pourriez-vous, j'aimerais should fly out without thinking

Conditionnel is French's "polite mode". Without it you sound like a robot in a café: "Give me a coffee!" instead of "I would like a coffee." Good news: you already know 80% — the stems came in Lesson 27, the endings in Lesson 23.


Part 1: The English bridge

French conditionnel maps directly onto English "would + verb". One word in English ("would"), one ending in French. That's the whole concept.

FrenchEnglish
Je parlerais français.I would speak French.
Tu viendrais avec moi ?Would you come with me?
Elle aimerait ce film.She would like this film.
Nous serions contents.We would be happy.
Vous pourriez m'aider ?Could you help me? (= would be able to)
Ils feraient quoi ?What would they do?

The good news for English speakers: you already think in this tense. "I would go", "she could help", "they would be happy" — every one of these maps onto a single French word with -r-something at the end. No new logic, just new shape.


Part 2: The formula — simplest in French

Conditionnel = futur simple stem + imparfait endings

You already learned both pieces. We're just gluing them together.

The endings are exactly the imparfait endings (Lesson 23):

PersonEnding
je-ais
tu-ais
il/elle/on-ait
nous-ions
vous-iez
ils/elles-aient

Example with parler (stem: parler-):

PersonFutur simple (L27)Conditionnel présent (L28)
jeparleraiparlerais
tuparlerasparlerais
ilparleraparlerait
nousparleronsparlerions
vousparlerezparleriez
ilsparlerontparleraient

Pronunciation trap: je parlerai (futur, "par-luh-RAY") and je parlerais (conditionnel, "par-luh-REH") sound similar but not identical. -ai is a closed "ay"; -ais is an open "eh". In real life, lots of French speakers blur them — listen to context to tell which one is meant.

For regular verbs the recipe is brutally simple:

  • -ER verbs: keep the infinitive, add the ending. aimerj'aimerais
  • -IR verbs: keep the infinitive, add the ending. finirje finirais
  • -RE verbs: drop the final e, add the ending. vendreje vendrais

Part 3: Irregular stems — same as Lesson 27

The exact same stems you learned for futur simple. If you nailed futur, conditionnel is free.

InfinitiveStemConditionnel (je)English
êtreser-je seraisI would be
avoiraur-j'auraisI would have
allerir-j'iraisI would go
fairefer-je feraisI would do/make
venirviendr-je viendraisI would come
voirverr-je verraisI would see
pouvoirpourr-je pourraisI could (would be able to)
vouloirvoudr-je voudraisI would like / want
devoirdevr-je devraisI should (would have to)
savoirsaur-je sauraisI would know
falloirfaudr-il faudraitone would have to / it would be necessary
valoirvaudr-il vaudraitit would be worth
envoyerenverr-j'enverraisI would send
recevoirrecevr-je recevraisI would receive
tenirtiendr-je tiendraisI would hold
courircourr-je courraisI would run
mourirmourr-je mourraisI would die

The universal rule: every conditionnel stem ends in -r. If there's no "r" right before the ending, it's not conditionnel. This is your fastest sanity check.


Part 4: Use 1 — Politeness (the big one)

This is the #1 reason conditionnel exists in daily French. Swap a present-tense verb for conditionnel — and you instantly stop sounding rude.

Blunt (présent)Polite (conditionnel)English
Je veux un café.Je voudrais un café.I would like a coffee.
Pouvez-vous m'aider ?Pourriez-vous m'aider ?Could you help me?
J'**aime un thé.J'aimerais** un thé.I'd like a tea.
Avez-vous du pain ?Auriez-vous du pain ?Would you happen to have any bread?
Tu dois partir.Tu devrais partir.You should leave.

Cultural note: asking a French waiter "Je veux un café" is the equivalent of telling a London bartender "Give me a beer!" Grammatically fine, socially abrasive. The fix is always the same: replace présent with conditionnel. Je voudrais. Pourriez-vous. Auriez-vous.

Memorize as formulas: je voudrais, j'aimerais, pourriez-vous, auriez-vous la gentillesse de…, cela vous dérangerait-il… — these aren't "grammar", they're polite templates. Learn them as whole blocks, like English "Could you possibly…".

The English "would like" trap

In English, "I want" → "I would like" softens it. French does the exact same thing:

  • Je veux (I want) → Je voudrais (I would like)
  • Je peux (I can) → Je pourrais (I could)
  • Tu dois (you must) → Tu devrais (you should)

Same logic, same softening, different verb shape. If you can do it in English, you can do it in French.


Part 5: Use 2 — Hypothesis (si + imparfait)

The core hypothetical structure of French:

Si + imparfait, conditionnel présent "If …, would …" (unreal or unlikely in the present)

Si-clause (imparfait)Main clause (conditionnel)
Si j'avais de l'argent,je voyagerais en Asie.
If I had money,I would travel in Asia.
Si tu étais riche,qu'est-ce que tu ferais ?
If you were rich,what would you do?
S'il faisait beau,nous irions au parc.
If the weather were nice,we would go to the park.
Si vous parliez français,vous comprendriez tout.
If you spoke French,you would understand everything.

Memorize hard:

  • After si (in this construction) you never put conditionnel or futur. Only imparfait.
  • Clause order is free: Je voyagerais si j'avais de l'argent means exactly the same thing.

English-speaker trap: English allows "If I would have money…" in casual speech ("if I would, I'd…"). French does not. After si meaning "if (hypothetical)", the verb is imparfait. Period. Saying si j'aurais is the same kind of error as saying "if I would have money" in formal English — a beginner tell.

One more thing: in English you can sometimes drop "would" in the if-clause and keep it in the main clause ("If I had money, I would travel"). French is even stricter — only the main clause gets the "would" (conditionnel). The si-clause is plain imparfait. One "would" per sentence.

The full system of si-sentences (three types) comes in Lesson 37. For now, this one is enough.


Part 6: Use 3 — Future-in-the-past

When the main verb is in the past, and you want to express "future relative to that past moment", use conditionnel instead of futur.

Direct speech (présent → futur)Reported speech (passé → conditionnel)
Il dit : « Je viendrai demain. »Il a dit qu'il viendrait le lendemain.
He says, "I will come tomorrow."He said he would come the next day.
Elle pense : « Tu réussiras. »Elle pensait que tu réussirais.
She thinks, "You will succeed."She thought you would succeed.
Je sais : « Il fera beau. »Je savais qu'il ferait beau.
I know, "The weather will be nice."I knew the weather would be nice.

Logic: "He said he would come" — at the moment he spoke, "would come" was still in the future. French marks that with the conditionnel form, exactly like English does with "would".

Full reported speech with all tense shifts — Lesson 38.


Part 7: Use 4 — Advice, suggestion, unconfirmed news

Advice with devoir

FrenchEnglish
Tu devrais te reposer.You should rest.
Vous devriez consulter un médecin.You should see a doctor.
Il faudrait partir maintenant.We should leave now. (lit. "it would be necessary to leave")

Wishes with aimer / vouloir

FrenchEnglish
J'aimerais voyager.I'd love to travel.
Nous voudrions réserver une table.We'd like to book a table.

Journalistic conditionnel (unverified report)

FrenchEnglish
Le président serait malade.The president is reportedly ill.
Il y aurait dix blessés.There are said to be ten injured.

This is the "allegedly / reportedly" usage you see in news headlines. English does the same thing with "is reportedly" or "is said to be". Full discussion in Lesson 49.


Part 8: Conditionnel vs Imparfait vs Plus-que-parfait — don't mix them up

Let's pull the three nearby tenses side by side:

FormEndingsExample (parler)English
Imparfait (L23)-ais, -ait, -ions… on the nous-stemnous parlions → je parlaisI was speaking / used to speak
Conditionnel (L28)-ais, -ait, -ions… on the futur stemparler- → je parleraisI would speak
Plus-que-parfait (L26)imparfait avoir/être + past participlej'avais parléI had spoken

The 1-second test: is there an "r" right before the ending? Yes → conditionnel. No → imparfait. Auxiliary + participle? → plus-que-parfait.

Contrast pairs:

  • Je parlais français. — I was speaking French (then). — imparfait
  • Je parlerais français si… — I would speak French if… — conditionnel
  • J'avais parlé français. — I had spoken French (before something else in the past). — plus-que-parfait

Next up: Lesson 29 — Futur antérieur and Conditionnel passé. You'll learn to say "by then I will have done it", "I would have come (but…)", and to express regret and reproach: j'aurais dû partir plus tôt ("I should have left earlier").

Lesson 28: Conditionnel présent — the "would" tense · Français · Glottos Matrix