Lesson 31: Zu + Infinitiv at the end of the sentence

Vocabulary: Work environment

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+0.8%A2+3%B1+1%
GrammarA2+3%B1+4%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — understand the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, watching the word order
  4. Speed up — drill the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

You already know how to talk about countries and travel. Now we build long sentences with "zu + Infinitiv" — the construction every business email runs on. Good news: English has the same idea ("I try to come on time") — German just sends the "to + verb" combo to the end.


Part 1: What zu + Infinitiv is

In English you say: "I'm trying to come on time." The verb "to come" is in its base form, attached to "trying" by the word "to".

German does the exact same thing — with zu instead of "to". And the infinitive flies all the way to the end of the sentence:

Ich versuche, pünktlich zu kommen. (I try, on time, to come.)

Comma + zu + Infinitiv at the end. That's the whole construction.

English → German cognate alert: "to come" = "zu kommen". "to work" = "zu arbeiten". The "to" particle is literally zu. Free transfer.


Part 2: The main rule — zu sits in front of the infinitive

zu + Infinitiv = at the very end. Always.

GermanEnglish
Ich versuche, mehr zu arbeiten.I try to work more.
Er hofft, einen Job zu finden.He hopes to find a job.
Wir beginnen, Deutsch zu lernen.We're starting to learn German.

A comma goes before the infinitive clause when it carries any extra words (objects, adverbs).


Part 3: Separable-prefix verbs — zu sneaks into the middle

For verbs with a separable prefix, zu wedges itself between the prefix and the verb. Written as one word:

InfinitiveWith zuExample
anfangenan-zu-fangenIch versuche, früh anzufangen. (I try to start early.)
aufstehenauf-zu-stehenEs ist schwer, früh aufzustehen. (It's hard to get up early.)
aufhörenauf-zu-hörenEr versucht, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören. (He's trying to quit smoking.)
einladenein-zu-ladenIch habe vergessen, ihn einzuladen. (I forgot to invite him.)
zurückkommenzurück-zu-kommenSie hofft, bald zurückzukommen. (She hopes to come back soon.)

Anchor: Prefix — zu — verb. All one word. zu slides inside like the filling in a sandwich.


Part 4: Verbs that demand zu + Infinitiv

These verbs drag zu + Infinitiv after them:

VerbEnglishExample
versuchento tryIch versuche, pünktlich zu kommen.
beginnento beginWir beginnen, das Projekt zu planen.
anfangento startEr fängt an, Deutsch zu lernen.
aufhörento stopSie hört auf zu rauchen.
vergessento forgetIch habe vergessen, die E-Mail zu schreiben.
helfento helpKannst du mir helfen, den Text zu übersetzen?
vorhabento intend, planIch habe vor, morgen früh aufzustehen.
hoffento hopeWir hoffen, das Gehalt zu bekommen.
versprechento promiseEr verspricht, pünktlich zu sein.

Plus the useful phrases:

PhraseEnglish
Es ist schwer / leicht / wichtig, ... zu ...It's hard / easy / important to ...
Ich habe Zeit / Lust, ... zu ...I have time / I feel like ...
Ich habe keine Zeit / Lust, ... zu ...I have no time / don't feel like ...

Part 5: Verbs WITHOUT zu — memorize separately

These verbs do NOT use zu. Bare infinitive only:

GroupVerbsExample
Modal verbskönnen, müssen, sollen, wollen, dürfen, möchtenIch muss arbeiten.
werden (future)werdenIch werde arbeiten.
lassen (let/allow)lassenEr lässt mich gehen.
Verbs of motiongehenIch gehe einkaufen.
Verbs of perceptionhören, sehenIch höre ihn singen.

Trap! Compare two sentences: — Ich muss arbeiten. (no zu — modal verb) — Ich versuche zu arbeiten. (with zu — regular verb) Modal verbs are the VIP club. They don't pay the zu fee. Everyone else pays the "entry ticket" — the word zu.

English has the same split, by the way: "I must work" (no "to") vs. "I try to work" (with "to"). Same logic, same map.


Next up: Lesson 32 — "In order to" in German: um...zu or damit. You'll learn how to say "I'm learning German in order to work in Berlin" — and why um...zu sometimes doesn't work, and you have to switch to damit.

Lesson 31: Zu + Infinitiv at the end of the sentence · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix