Lesson 22: Comparative and superlative (Komparativ und Superlativ)

Vocabulary: Animals and nature

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+3%A2+1%
GrammarA1+1%A2+4%B1+0.9%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — get the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every form
  4. Speed up — drill the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

By now you can describe actions, objects, people. But how do you say one thing is better, faster or the biggest? Two formulas — and the whole world of comparisons is yours. Brace yourself: this is the closest German gets to English. You almost already know it.


Part 1: Three steps

In English: fast — faster — the fastest. In German exactly the same:

  1. Positiv — base form: schnell (fast)
  2. Komparativ — comparative: schneller (faster)
  3. Superlativ — superlative: am schnellsten (the fastest)

Look at those suffixes. -er and -st. EXACTLY the same as English "fast-er" and "fast-est". This is not a coincidence — both languages inherited the same suffixes from Proto-Germanic. You know these endings since kindergarten. You're just relearning what your brain already does.


Part 2: The main hack — "-er" and "am -sten"

Komparativ = adjective + -er Superlativ = am + adjective + -sten

Just glue on the suffix. Works for most adjectives:

PositivKomparativSuperlativEnglish
schnellschnelleram schnellstenfast / faster / fastest
kleinkleineram kleinstensmall / smaller / smallest
langsamlangsameram langsamstenslow / slower / slowest
billigbilligeram billigstencheap / cheaper / cheapest

If the stem ends in -d, -t, -s, -ß, -z, the Superlativ adds -esten: am leichtesten, am heißesten. (Same reason English says "hot-test", not "hot-st" — pronunciation.)


Part 3: Umlaut and exceptions

Single-syllable adjectives with a, o, u often get an umlaut:

PositivKomparativSuperlativEnglish
altälteram ältestenold / older / oldest
jungjüngeram jüngstenyoung / younger / youngest
großgrößeram größtenbig / bigger / biggest
langlängeram längstenlong / longer / longest
kurzkürzeram kürzestenshort / shorter / shortest
starkstärkeram stärkstenstrong / stronger / strongest
kaltkälteram kältestencold / colder / coldest

And these four change completely. Memorize cold:

PositivKomparativSuperlativEnglishEnglish irregular cousin
gutbesseram bestengoodgood / better / best
vielmehram meistenmuch / manymuch / more / most
gernlieberam liebstengladly(no direct English form)
hochhöheram höchstenhighhigh / higher / highest

Look at gut → besser → am besten next to "good → better → best". Same pattern. Same word origin. Same irregularity. The English-German overlap here is almost embarrassing.

Trap! Not all monosyllabic words get an umlaut. bunt, schlank, rund stay clean: bunter, schlanker, runder. But the most common ones — in the table above.


Part 4: How to compare — "als" and "so...wie"

Komparativ + als = "than" (things are different):

Der Hund ist schneller als die Katze. — The dog is faster than the cat.

so + Positiv + wie = "as...as" (things are equal):

Der Fuchs ist so schlau wie der Bär. — The fox is as clever as the bear.

Superlative before a noun — with article and ending -ste/-sten:

Das ist der schnellste Hund. — That is the fastest dog. Der Elefant ist das größte Tier. — The elephant is the biggest animal.

Without a noun — am + -sten:

Der Elefant ist am größten. — The elephant is the biggest.

Trap! After als — Komparativ. After wie — Positiv. "Schneller als" but "so schnell wie". Mix them up and a German will understand you — but wince.


Next up: Lesson 23 — Future tense. The verb werden. You'll learn to talk about plans and dreams: "I'll go to the sea", "We'll rent a house on an island". One word — and you're in the future.

Lesson 22: Comparative and superlative (Komparativ und Superlativ) · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix