Lesson 16: Ordinal numbers. Dates

Vocabulary: Transport

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+3%A2+1%B1+0.5%
GrammarA1+3%A2+3%B1+0.9%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — get the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every ending
  4. Speed up — drill the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

Last lesson you nailed Wechselpräpositionen — the prepositions that switch between Akkusativ and Dativ. Now you learn to count in order and name dates. Without this you can't buy a train ticket or schedule a meeting.


Part 1: What ordinals are

Cardinal numbers — "one, two, three" (eins, zwei, drei). Ordinal numbers — "first, second, third" (erste, zweite, dritte). In German the ordinal behaves like an adjective: it declines and takes an ending.

English does the same thing under the hood: "five" → "fifth", "twenty" → "twentieth". German just uses a different suffix.


Part 2: The main hack — "-te" and "-ste"

1–19 → add -te. 20 and up → add -ste.

Take the regular number, glue on the suffix: vier → vierte, zwanzig → zwanzigste. There are four exceptions. That's all.


Part 3: Table of ordinal numbers

NumberStemNote
1sterst-Exception! Compare English "first" — not "one-th".
2ndzweit-Compare English "second" — also irregular. German is more consistent here.
3rddritt-Exception! Compare English "third" — also irregular.
4thviert-regular
5thfünft-regular
7thsiebt-Exception! Drops the -en of sieben.
8thacht-Drops one tacht already ends in t, so no doubling
10thzehnt-regular
19thneunzehnt-last one with -t-
20thzwanzigst-first one with -st-
  1. Memorize four exceptions: erst-, dritt-, siebt-, acht-. Everything else follows the rule.
  2. The boundary is 20. Through 19 — suffix -te. From 20 — suffix -ste.
  3. After the suffix comes an adjective ending. Der erste Tag. Am zweiten Mai. Den dritten Stock.

Trap! "Achte" — not "achtte". The t is already in acht, so you just add "-e": der achte.


Part 4: Dates — three situations

German dates use ordinals in three constructions. Learn them as formulas.

SituationQuestionAnswerCase
What's the date?Der Wievielte ist heute?Heute ist der fünfte MärzNominative
What's the date?Den Wievielten haben wir heute?Heute haben wir den fünften MärzAccusative
When?Wann fährst du?Am dritten MaiDative
When?Wann ist die Prüfung?Am einundzwanzigsten JuniDative

Anchor: "Am" = "an + dem" = Dativ. So the ending is always -en: am dritten, am fünften, am zwanzigsten.

Dates are written as a digit + period: am 3. Mai, den 5. März, der 1. Januar. The period after the number is the German way of saying "this is an ordinal" — like English "3rd" or "5th".

Trap! "Heute ist der dritte März" (Nom: -e) vs. "Heute haben wir den dritten März" (Akk: -en) vs. "Am dritten März" (Dat: -en). Only Nominative keeps the short -e.


Next up: Lesson 17 — Personal pronouns in different cases. You'll finally figure out why "me" is mich in one sentence and mir in the next — and stop mixing them up. English used to keep this difference; German never gave it up.

Lesson 16: Ordinal numbers. Dates · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix