Lesson 42: Passiv. Passiv Perfekt

Vocabulary: Science and medicine

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA2+1%B1+3%B2+2%C1+1%
GrammarA2+1%B1+4%B2+2%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — get the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every form
  4. Speed up — drill the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

You already handle Konjunktiv II — you can talk about unreal things. Now we learn to speak about actions when it doesn't matter who does them, but what is being done. That's the passive — the workhorse of scientific texts and news. Passiv = direct cognate of English "passive". You already know the concept; you just need the German wiring.


Part 1: What Passiv is and why it exists

In active, the focus is on who acts: Der Arzt operiert den Patienten. (The doctor operates on the patient.)

In passive, the focus is on what is being done: Der Patient wird operiert. (The patient is being operated on.)

English does the same thing: "The doctor operates on the patient" vs. "The patient is operated on." The medicine was developed. The experiment is conducted. Same logic.

The frame to remember: English passive uses "to be + past participle" (is operated). German uses "werden + Partizip II" — and werden means "to become". So a German passive literally says "the patient becomes operated on". That "becoming" frame is actually more honest about what passive really is — a process happening to the subject.


Part 2: The main hack — three pillars of passive

werden = passive auxiliary. Partizip II = at the end. Who does it = von + Dativ.

Memorize this formula — and you'll build any passive sentence. Everything else is detail.

You already know werden as "become" and as the future-tense auxiliary. Don't confuse: werden + Infinitiv = future. werden + Partizip II = passive.


Part 3: Passiv Präsens — formula and the doer

Formula: Subject + werden (conjugated) + ... + Partizip II (at the end)

Personwerden
ichwerde
duwirst
er/sie/eswird
wirwerden
ihrwerdet
sie/Siewerden
AktivPassiv
Der Forscher untersucht das ProblemDas Problem wird untersucht
Die Ärztin verschreibt die TherapieDie Therapie wird verschrieben
Man testet das MedikamentDas Medikament wird getestet
  1. The active Akkusativ-object → passive Nominativ-subject.
  2. The active subject disappears — or moves into von + Dativ: Das Experiment wird von dem Wissenschaftler durchgeführt.
  3. Partizip II always at the end. No exceptions.

Trap! von + Dativ = who does it. durch + Akkusativ = by means of what. Die Krankheit wird von dem Arzt behandelt. (By whom? By the doctor.) Die Krankheit wird durch eine neue Therapie geheilt. (By what means? By a new therapy.) English does the same: "by the doctor" vs. "through a new therapy".


Part 4: Passiv Perfekt — formula

Formula: Subject + sein (conjugated) + ... + Partizip II + worden

Not geworden, but worden — without "ge-". This is a special form used only in Passiv Perfekt.

Aktiv PerfektPassiv Perfekt
Der Forscher hat das Gen entdecktDas Gen ist entdeckt worden
Die Firma hat das Medikament entwickeltDas Medikament ist entwickelt worden
Man hat den Patienten operiertDer Patient ist operiert worden

Anchor: sein + Partizip II + worden (no ge-!). sein conjugates, the rest stacks at the end.

PersonPassiv Perfekt
ich / du / erbin / bist / ist ... operiert worden
wir / ihr / siesind / seid / sind ... operiert worden

Part 5: Aktiv → Passiv in 5 steps

  1. Find the Akkusativ-object in the active sentence.
  2. Make it the Nominativ (passive subject).
  3. Insert werden (Präsens) or sein ... worden (Perfekt).
  4. Verb → Partizip II → at the end.
  5. Doer → von + Dativ (if you want to mention them).

Aktiv: Die Wissenschaftlerin entwickelt einen Impfstoff. Passiv: Ein Impfstoff wird von der Wissenschaftlerin entwickelt.

Trap! Only transitive verbs (with an Akkusativ-object) form a personal passive. Der Patient wird geholfen — wrong! helfen takes Dativ → Dem Patienten wird geholfen (impersonal passive — note the Dativ subject and the unpersonal "wird"). English speakers: this is why "He was helped" feels natural to you but the literal German equivalent shifts the case.


Next up: Lesson 43 — Paired conjunctions: je...desto, sowohl...als auch, entweder...oder. You'll learn to say "The more I learn, the easier it gets" — and to sound like a real German. Best part: every pair has a direct English equivalent. sowohl...als auch = "both...and". entweder...oder = "either...or". Free vocabulary.

Lesson 42: Passiv. Passiv Perfekt · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix