Lesson 24: Wissen or kennen?

Vocabulary: Detailed introductions — Beruf, Familienstand, Kinder, Ausbildung

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+3%A2+3%B1+0.5%
GrammarA1+2%A2+4%B1+0.9%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — understand the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every form
  4. Speed up — run the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

You know the future tense and the verb werden. Now we sort out two verbs that English speakers usually steamroll into one: wissen and kennen. Both translate as "to know". But Germans never mix them up — and after this lesson neither will you.


Part 1: Two "knows" — why does German need two verbs?

English uses one word, "know", for everything. So does Russian. But Spanish has saber vs conocer. French has savoir vs connaître. And Scottish English still has the verb "to ken" — "I ken him" = "I know him (am familiar with him)". German is in the same family:

  • kennen = to be familiar with someone / something (a person, a place, a thing)
  • wissen = to know a fact, to have information

Cognate hooks:

  • kennen ≈ English "ken" (Scottish: "Do ye ken?"). Also lives in "acquaint" and "uncanny" (= un-known-able).
  • wissen ≈ "wise" and "wisdom". Wissen is the verb of wisdom — facts you carry in your head.

Quick test: after "know" comes a noun (a person, city, film) — that's kennen. After "know" comes a whole clause (that..., where..., why...) — that's wissen.


Part 2: The main hack

kennen = acquaintance (people, places, things) wissen = information (facts, answers to questions)

Anchor by English:

  • "I know him" → kennen ("I am acquainted with him")
  • "I know that he's German" → wissen ("I have the fact that...")

If you can replace "know" with "be acquainted with" — it's kennen. If you can replace it with "be aware of (the fact) that..." — it's wissen.


Part 3: Conjugation — here's the surprise

Kennen is a regular verb. No surprises:

Personkennen
ichkenne
dukennst
er/sie/eskennt
wirkennen
ihrkennt
sie/Siekennen

Wissen is irregular. It conjugates like a modal verb:

Personwissen
ichweiß
duweißt
er/sie/esweiß
wirwissen
ihrwisst
sie/Siewissen

Three things to nail into your head:

  1. Ich weiß, er weiß — first and third person singular are identical. Just like modals (ich kann, er kann).
  2. Kennen + Akkusativ. Always. Ich kenne den Mann. Ich kenne diese Stadt.
  3. Wissen + dass-clause / question word. Ich weiß, dass er verheiratet ist. Ich weiß, wo er wohnt.

Trap! Ich weiß das — that's fine. But here "das" = "that" (a demonstrative pronoun standing in for an entire fact). However, Ich weiß den Mann — wrong. You kennst a person, you don't weißt them.

Pronunciation tip: ß is a sharp double-s. Ich weiß sounds like "ikh vice" (rhymes with "ice"). Don't confuse with the noun der Weiße (the white one).


Next up: Lesson 25 — Impersonal sentences: man, es, es gibt. You'll learn why Germans say "es regnet" instead of "it's raining... wait, that's the same thing", and meet the mysterious "man" — the someone-who-isn't-anyone that does everything in German.

Lesson 24: Wissen or kennen? · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix