Lesson 18: Akkusativ and Dativ — final lesson

Vocabulary: Review and consolidation — all A1 everyday situations

Completing this lesson will add to your overall progress:

VocabularyA1+4%A2+1%
GrammarA1+4%A2+3%B1+0.9%

How to work with this lesson

  1. Read the rule — get the logic (5 minutes)
  2. Translate the exercises in writing — check against the key
  3. Say it out loud — slowly, consciously, analyzing every article
  4. Speed up — drill the matrix until it flies out on autopilot

This is the final lesson of Block 2. You've gone through nine lessons of cases — Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Wechselpräpositionen, pronouns. Today we pull it all into one system. After this lesson — the "Ritter/Ritterin" test. Prove you wield the cases like a sword.


Part 1: Prepositions that ALWAYS take Akkusativ

Five prepositions. Always Akkusativ after them. No exceptions.

DuFüGeOhUm — durch, für, gegen, ohne, um. Say it three times. That's your mantra.

PrepositionEnglishExample
durchthroughWir gehen durch den Park
fürforDas Geschenk ist für meinen Bruder
gegenagainstSie spielt gegen ihren Kollegen
ohnewithoutIch trinke Kaffee ohne den Zucker
umaround / at (time)Wir laufen um den See

Cognate alert: durch ≈ "through" (same Germanic root!). für ≈ "for". gegen ≈ German cousin of "against". ohne relates to old English "on" / "without". Four out of five — free vocabulary.

Trap! "Ohne" — usually no article: ohne Zucker, ohne Problem. But if there's a possessive, the article comes back: ohne meinen Schlüssel.


Part 2: Prepositions that ALWAYS take Dativ

Seven prepositions. Only Dativ after them.

AusBeiMitNachSeitVonZu — chant it. That's your second anchor.

PrepositionEnglishExample
ausfrom, out ofEr kommt aus der Türkei
beiat, with, nearIch wohne bei meinem Onkel
mitwithSie fährt mit dem Zug
nachafter, to (country/city)Nach dem Frühstück lese ich die Zeitung
seitsince, for (time)Ich lerne Deutsch seit einem Jahr
vonfrom, ofDas ist ein Brief von meiner Mutter
zutoIch gehe zum Arzt (zu + dem = zum)

Cognate alert: aus ≈ "out". bei ≈ "by". mit — direct cognate with old English mid (still in "midwife"). nach ≈ "nigh", von ≈ German cousin of "from". zu ≈ "to".

Remember:

  1. "Mit" = always Dativ. Mit dem Bus, mit der Bahn, mit einem Freund.
  2. "Zu" fuses with articles: zu + dem = zum, zu + der = zur.
  3. "Von" fuses too: von + dem = vom. Das Café ist nicht weit vom Hotel.

Part 3: Master table of all articles — Nom / Akk / Dat

One table that solves everything. Memorize it cold.

Definite articles

Masculine (der)Neuter (das)Feminine (die)Plural (die)
Nominativederdasdiedie
Accusativedendasdiedie
Dativedemdemderden + (-n)

Indefinite articles

MasculineNeuterFeminine
Nominativeeineineine
Accusativeeineneineine
Dativeeinemeinemeiner
  1. Akkusativ only changes the masculine: der → den, ein → einen. Neuter and feminine — unchanged.
  2. Dative: masculine and neuter are identical. Both end in -m: dem, einem.
  3. Feminine in Dative — der / einer. Looks like the masculine Nominative — don't get fooled, context tells you which.

Part 4: Decision tree — pick the article in 3 seconds

Every time, ask yourself three questions:

1. What gender? → der / das / die
2. What case?
   Who? → NOM | Whom/What? → AKK | To whom? → DAT
   After durch/für/gegen/ohne/um → AKK
   After aus/bei/mit/nach/seit/von/zu → DAT
3. Definite or indefinite? → check the table

Trap! Wechselpräpositionen (in, an, auf, über, unter, vor, hinter, neben, zwischen) are a separate group. They take Akkusativ for motion (wohin?) and Dativ for location (wo?). Don't mix them with the "always-Akk" and "always-Dat" prepositions.


Next up: Test "Ritter / Ritterin" — A1 level. You've finished Block 2. Show that Nominative, Accusative and Dative are your weapons. After the test — Lesson 19: the article-words dieser, jeder, welcher. New block, new level.

Lesson 18: Akkusativ and Dativ — final lesson · Deutsch · Glottos Matrix